Haimovici's Vascular Surgery

Editor Enrico Ascher, MD Chief, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Lutheran Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York Past President of the Society for Vascular Surgery Co-editors Frank J. Veith, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Peter Gloviczki, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA Associate Editors Keith D. Calligaro, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA R. Clement Darling III, Albany Medical College, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA K. Craig Kent, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA Peter F. Lawrence, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA Gregory Moneta, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA John J. Ricotta, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

Preface, x Preface to the Fifth Edition, xi

Contributors, xii

List of Abbreviations, xx

PART I VASCULAR IMAGING TECHNIQUES AND PHYSIOLOGIC TESTING

1 Arterial and Venous Duplex Scanning, 3
Gregory L. Moneta

2 Duplex Arteriography for Lower Extremity Revascularization, 28
Enrico Ascher, Anil Hingorani, and Natalie Marks

3 Fundamentals of Angiography, 44
Douglas B. Hood and Kim J. Hodgson

4 Arteriographic Patterns of Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease of the Lower Extremity, 56
Henry Haimovici

5 Computed Tomography in Vascular Disease, 79
Aoife N. Keeling, Peter A. Naughton, Frederick L. Hoff, and William H. Pearce

6 Magnetic Resonance Angiography, 99
April Farley, Javier E. Anaya-Ayala, Mark G. Davies, and Alan B. Lumsden

7 Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging, 112
George Kopchok and Rodney A. White

PART II BASIC SCIENCE IN VASCULAR DISEASES

8 Hemodynamics of Vascular Disease: Applications to Diagnosis and Treatment, 127
David S. Sumner

9 Atherosclerosis: Biological and Surgical Considerations, 148
Bauer E. Sumpio

10 Neointimal Hyperplasia: Basic Considerations, 178
Lynn S. Model and Alan Dardik

11 Therapeutic Angiogenesis, 197
Bo Liu and K. Craig Kent

12 Thrombogenesis and Thrombolysis, 209
Takki A. Momin, Robyn A. Macsata, and Anton N. Sidawy

13 Etiology of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms, 221
Sartaj S. Sanghera, Anil Hingorani, and Martin D. Tilson

14 An Evidence-based Approach to Cardiopulmonary Risk Assessment for Vascular Surgery Procedures, 233
Joel H. Horovitz

PART III BASIC OPEN VASCULAR TECHNIQUES

15 Vascular Sutures and Anastomoses, 243
Henry Haimovici

16 Patch-graft Angioplasty, 253
Henry Haimovici

17 Endarterectomy, 259
Henry Haimovici

18 Balloon Angioplasty of Peripheral Arteries and Veins, 268
Douglas B. Hood and Kim J. Hodgson

19 Stents for Peripheral Arteries and Veins, 280
Samuel S. Ahn, Carber C. Huang, and Foster A. Hays

20 Thrombolytic Therapy for Peripheral Arterial and Venous Thrombosis, 301
Michael B. Silva Jr, Charlie C. Cheng, and Lorraine Choi

PART IV OPEN SURGICAL EXPOSURE OF ARTERIES

21 Exposure of the Carotid Artery, 317
Henry Haimovici

22 The Vertebrobasilar System: Anatomy and Surgical Exposure, 320
Enrique Criado and Ramon Berguer

23 Trans-sternal Exposure of the Great Vessels of the Aortic Arch, 324
Calvin B. Ernst

24 Extrathoracic Surgical Exposure for Distal Revascularization of Brachiocephalic Branches, 331
Henry Haimovici

25 Open Surgical Exposure of Upper Extremity Arteries, 338
Henry Haimovici

26 Transperitoneal Exposure of Abdominal Aorta and Iliac Arteries, 351
Henry Haimovici

27 Retroperitoneal Exposure of Abdominal Aorta, 360
Calvin B. Ernst

28 Retroperitoneal Exposure of Iliac Arteries, 366
Henry Haimovici

29 Open Surgical Exposures of Arteries in the Lower Extremity, 372
Henry Haimovici

PART V CEREBROVASCULAR INSUFFICIENCY

30 Medical Management of Carotid Artery Disease, 391
Russell H. Samson

31 Carotid Endarterectomy: Indications, Techniques, and Results, 405
Bruce A. Perler

32 Eversion Carotid Endarterectomy, 419
Jorge Rey, Sean P. Roddy, and R. Clement Darling III

33 Carotid Stenting: Indications, Techniques, and Results, 427
Tejas R. Shah and Peter L. Faries

34 Cerebral Protection Devices During Carotid Stenting, 437
Amit R. Shah and Evan C. Lipsitz

35 Vertebrobasilar Disease: Surgical Management, 448
Enrique Criado and Ramon Berguer

36 Nonatherosclerotic Cerebrovascular Disease, 456
Gary R. Seabrook

PART VI AORTIC AND ILIAC ANEURYSMS

37 Indications, Techniques and Results of Open Repair of Ascending and Transverse Aortic Arch Aneurysms, 475
Hazim J. Safi , Anthony L. Estrera, Roy Sheinbaum, and Charles C. Miller III

38 Hybrid Repair of Aortic Arch Aneurysms, 486
Gustavo S. Oderich and Adam H. Power

39 Endovascular Management of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections, 504
Donald T. Baril and Michel S. Makaroun

40 Open Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms, 517
Joseph Huh, Scott A. LeMaire, and Joseph S. Coselli

41 Open Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms, 533
Colin M. Brady and Elliot L. Chaikof

42 Endovascular Repair of Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms, 554
Jeffrey Hnath, Manish Mehta, Yaron Sternbach, John B. Taggert, and R. Clement Darling III

43 Fenestrated and Branched Stent Grafts for the Treatment of Complex Aortic Aneurysms, 565
Joseph J. Ricotta II

44 Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured Infrarenal Aortic and Iliac Aneurysms, 582
Frank J. Veith and Neal S. Cayne

45 Open Surgical Treatment of Isolated Iliac Aneurysms, 590
Henry Haimovici

46 Endovascular Grafts in the Treatment of Isolated Iliac Aneurysms, 594
Todd L. Berland, Frank J. Veith, Karan Garg, and Neal S. Cayne

47 Infected Aortic Grafts: General Considerations and Techniques, 602
Taylor A. Smith and G. Patrick Clagett

48 Para-anastomotic Aortic Aneurysms: General Considerations and Techniques, 612
John J. Ricotta

PART VII VISCERAL VESSELS

49 Surgery of the Celiac Artery for Occlusive Disease and Arcuate Ligament Syndrome, 627
Juan Carlos Jimenez and William J. Quinones-Baldrich

50 Management of Acute and Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia, 639
Natalia O. Glebova and Julie A. Freischlag

51 Endovascular Treatment of Mesenteric Occlusive Disease, 653
Carlos F. Bechara and Peter H. Lin

52 Renal Artery Revascularization, 664
Keith D. Calligaro and Matthew J. Dougherty

53 Renal Artery Fibrodysplasia and Renovascular Hypertension, 680
James C. Stanley and Jonathan L. Eliason

54 Visceral Artery Aneurysms, 690
Matthew J. Dougherty and Keith D. Calligaro

PART VIII LOWER EXTREMITY OCCLUSIVE AND NON-OCCLUSIVE ARTERIAL DISEASE

55 Acute Arterial Occlusion of the Lower Extremities, 703
Kenneth Ouriel

56 Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease, 710
David C. Brewster

57 Endovascular Treatment of Aortoiliac Artery Stenosis and Occlusions, 736
Jeanwan Kang and Christopher J. Kwolek

58 Infrainguinal Arterial Disease, 749
John Byrne, R. Clement Darling III, and Frank J. Veith

59 Bypasses to Plantar Arteries and Other Branches of Tibial Arteries, 761
Enrico Ascher and Frank J. Veith

60 Role of Surgical Options for Critical Lower Limb Ischemia, 767
Frank J. Veith, Neal S. Cayne, Nicholas J. Gargiulo III, Evan C. Lipsitz, and Enrico Ascher

61 Adjuvant Surgical Techniques for Limb Salvage, 776
Robyn A. Macsata and Anton N. Sidawy

62 Endovascular Treatment of Infrapopliteal Arteries, 786
Peter A. Schneider, W. Austin Blevins, and Nicolas Nelken

63 Popliteal Artery Aneurysms, 801
Javairiah Fatima and Peter Gloviczki

64 Endovascular Treatment of Popliteal Artery Aneurysms: The Role of Stent-Grafts and Thrombolysis, 811
Alik Farber and Tze-Woei Tan

65 Duplex-guided Balloon Angioplasty for Infrainguinal Arterial Occlusive and Aneurysmal Disease, 821
Enrico Ascher, Natalie Marks, and Anil Hingorani

66 Extra-anatomic Bypasses, 832
Enrico Ascher, Frank J. Veith, and Kapil Gopal

67 Infected Extracavitary Prosthetic Grafts, 845
Keith D. Calligaro and Matthew J. Dougherty

68 Popliteal Entrapment and Chronic Compartment Syndrome: Unusual Causes for Claudication in Young Adults, 852
William D. Turnipseed

69 Lumbar Sympathectomy: Current Indications and Techniques, 860
Ali F. AbuRahma

70 Nonatherosclerotic Diseases of Small Arteries, 873
Henry Haimovici and Yoshio Mishima

71 Intraoperative Assessment and Postoperative Surveillance of Vascular Reconstructions, 898
Gustavo De Jesús-Gómez and Dennis F. Bandyk

PART IX VASCULAR TRAUMA

72 Vascular Trauma, 909
Ramyar Gilani, Asher Hirshberg, and Kenneth L. Mattox

73 Ankle and Foot Fasciotomy for Compartment Syndrome of the Foot, 928
Enrico Ascher

74 Post-Traumatic Pain Syndrome: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, 932
Ali F. AbuRahma and Albeir Y. Mousa

PART X UPPER EXTREMITY VASCULAR DISEASE

75 Vasospastic Disease of the Upper Extremity: Primary Raynaud’s Syndrome, 949
Gregory L. Moneta and Gregory J. Landry

76 Arterial Surgery of the Upper Extremity, 962
Rodeen Rahbar, Richard F. Neville, and Anton N. Sidawy

77 Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and Pectoralis Minor Syndrome, 981
Richard J. Sanders

78 Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, 997
Peter F. Lawrence, Hugh Gelabert, Brian G. DeRubertis, and David A. Rigberg

79 Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, 1004
Frank J. Veith and Juan Carlos Jimenez

80 Upper Thoracic Sympathectomy: Conventional Technique, 1015
Henry Haimovici

81 Thoracoscopic Sympathectomy, 1023
Igor Brichkov and Jason P. Shaw

PART XI ARTERIAL-VENOUS MALFORMATION, ACCESS FOR HEMODIALYSIS AND PORTAL HYPERTENSION

82 Arteriovenous Fistulas and Vascular Malformations, 1035
Peter Gloviczki, Audra A. Noel, and Larry H. Hollier

83 Vascular Access for Dialysis, 1060
Andres Schanzer and Harry Schanzer

84 Portal Hypertension, 1078
Ian C. Carmody and John C. Bowen

85 Endovascular Treatment of Portal Hypertension, 1095
Yosef Golowa and Jacob Cynamon

PART XII VENOUS AND LYMPHATIC DISORDERS

86 Clinical Application of Objective Testing in Venous Insufficiency, 1109
John J. Bergan and Warner P. Bundens

87 Varicose Veins, 1121
Jose I. Almeida and Jeffrey K. Raines

88 Superficial Thrombophlebitis, 1131
Anil Hingorani and Enrico Ascher

89 Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis and Contemporary Venous Thrombectomy, 1136
Anthony J. Comerota

90 Acute Upper Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis, 1154
Anil Hingorani and Enrico Ascher

91 Vena Cava Filters, 1160
Linda M. Harris and Raphael Blochle

92 Repair of Iliac and Iliocaval Venous Obstructions, 1173
Seshadri Raju and Peter Neglen

93 Ablation of Major Incompetent Superficial Veins, 1185
Manju Kalra and Peter Gloviczki

94 Management of Perforator-vein Incompetence, 1201
Javier E. Anaya-Ayala, Mark G. Davies, Eric K. Peden, and Alan B. Lumsden

95 Ischemic Venous Thrombosis: Phlegmasia Cerulea Dolens and Venous Gangrene, 1213
Jesse M. Manunga Jr and Peter Gloviczki

96 Diagnosis and Management of Lymphedema, 1221
Harry Ma and Mark Iafrati

PART XIII AMPUTATIONS AND REHABILITATION

97 Amputation of the Lower Extremity: General Considerations, 1239
Henry Haimovici

98 Major Amputations, 1243
Alexander Shiferson and Henry Haimovici

99 Postoperative and Preprosthetic Management for Lower Extremity Amputations, 1260
Yeongchi Wu

100 Prosthetic Fitting and Management of Lower Extremity Amputees, 1268
Jan J. Stokosa

Index, 1287