Extreme Weather Events and Public Health Responses (eBook)

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2006 | 2005
XLVI, 306 Seiten
Springer Berlin (Verlag)
978-3-540-28862-6 (ISBN)

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"The global climate is changing. During the last 100 years warming has been observed in all continents with an average increase of 0.6 ± 0.2°C (man ± SD) in the course of the 20th century. The greatest temperature changes occurred at middle and high latitudes in the northern hemispheres. The trend towards warmer average surface temperatures for the period since 1976 is roughly three times that of the past 100 years as a whole. In the last decades warming seems to be attributable to human activities (man-made environmental changes) like land-use changes, deforestation, urbanisation and the reduction of wetlands. Global climate change is likely to be accompanied by an increase in frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Climate variability occurs at both the level of gradual change as well as the level of extreme events. Extreme weather events are those events which society is unable to cope with. They are by definition rare stochastic events. Europe has experienced on unprecedented rate of extreme weather events in the last 30 years. Heat waves occurred in France, Italy, Portugal, Russian Federation, Hungary and Bulgaria between 2000 and 2003. The annual number of warm extremes increased twice as fast as expected based on the corresponding decrease in the rate of cold extremes. On the other hand cold waves brought serious health problems to Northern Europe, Russian Federation and even Bosnia Herzegovina. In 2002 Romania suffered deleterious windstorms and Public Health responses were necessary. Last but not least, in recent years severe flooding occurred in many European countries like U.K., Poland, Czech Republic, Austria, Italy and Germany causing enormous damages, e.g. in August 2002. On the basis of current predictions on climate, more extreme weather events have to be faced in the coming years and they are likely to be more severe. Thus appropriate actions have to be undertaken in order to protect the population and the countries affected. In this book, articles under the following headings are published: ""Climate variability and extremes in Europe"", ""Temperature extremes and health impact"", ""Response to temperature extremes"", ""Flooding: the impact on human health"", ""National case-studying of health care system responses to extreme weather events"" and ""Recommendations for Public Health responses to extreme weather events"". They shed light on the mode of development and the damages caused by extreme weather events and finally give some hints of what has to be done to cope with them."

1. The Climate Dilemma A. Navarra 2. Projected Changes in Extreme Weather and Climate Events in Europe? G.R. McGregor, D. Stephenson, C. Ferro 3. Is the Frequency and Intensity of Flooding Changing in Europe Z.W. Kundzewicz 4. Bio-climatological Aspects of Summer 2003 Over France J.-C. Cohen, J.-M. Veysseire, P. Bessemoulin 5. Improving Public Health Responses to Extreme Weather Events K. L. Ebi 6. Cold Extremes and Impacts on Health J. Hassi 7. Temperature Regulation, Heat Balance and Climatic Stress G. Havenith 8. Health Impact of the 2003 Heat Wave in France S. Vandentorren, P. Empereur-Bissonnet 9. Portugal, Summer 2003 Mortality: the Heat Waves Influence R. Calado, J. Botelho, Judite Catarino, M. Carreira 10. The Effects of Temperature and Heat Waves on Daily Mortality in Budapest, Hungary, 1970 – 2000 A. Paldy, J. Bobvos, A. Vámos, S. Kovats, S. Hajat 11. Epidemiologic Study of Mortality During Summer 2003 in Italian Regional Capitals: Results of a Rapid Survey S. Conti, G. Minelli, R. Solimini, V. Toccaceli, M. Vichi, C. Beltrano, L. Perini 12. Heat Waves in Italy: Cause Specific Mortality and the Role of Educational Level and Socio-Economic Conditions P. Michelozzi, F. de’Donato, L. Bisanti, A. Russo, E. Cadum, M. DeMaria, M. D’Ovidio, G. Costa, C.A. Perucci Response to Temperature Extremes 13. Lessons of the 2003 Heat Wave in France and Action Taken to Limit the Effects of Future Heat Waves T. Michelon,P. Magne, F. Simon-Delavelle 14. Examples of Heat Health Warning Systems: Lisbon’s ÍCARO’s Surveillance System, Summer of 2003 P.J. Nogueira 15. Lessons from the Heat Wave Epidemic in France (Summer 2003) L. Abenhaim 16. How Toronto and Montreal (Canada) Respond to Heat T. Kosatsky, N. King, B. Henry Flooding: The Impacts on Human Health 17. Lessons to be Learned from the 2002 Floods in Dresden, Germany D. Meusel, W. Kirch 18. The Human Health Consequences of Flooding in Europe: A Review S. Hajat, K. L Ebi, S. Kovats, B. Menne, S. Edwards, A. Haines 19. Mortality in Flood Disasters Z.W. Kundzewicz, W.J. Kundzewicz 20. Key Policy Implications of the Health Effects of Floods E. Penning-Rowsell, S. Tapsell, T. Wilson 21. Learning from Experience: Evolving Responses to Flooding Events in the United Kingdom M. McKenzie Hedger National Case-Studies on Health Care System Responses to Extreme Weather Events 22. Extreme Weather Events in Bulgaria for the Period 2001–2003 and Responses to Address Them R. Chakurova, L. Ivanov 23. 2002 – A Year of Calamities – The Romanian Experience A. Cristea 24. A System of Medical Service to assist the Population of Uzbekistan in the Case of Natural Catastrophes A.A. Khadjibayev, E. Borisova 25. Moscow Smog of Summer 2002. Evaluation of Adverse Health Effects V. Kislitsin, S. Novikov, N.

Erscheint lt. Verlag 16.1.2006
Zusatzinfo XLVI, 306 p.
Verlagsort Berlin
Sprache englisch
Themenwelt Medizin / Pharmazie Allgemeines / Lexika
Technik
Schlagworte meteorology • Public Health • Smog • Storm • Temperature • Weather • windstorm • World Health Organization
ISBN-10 3-540-28862-7 / 3540288627
ISBN-13 978-3-540-28862-6 / 9783540288626
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