Laser Ablation and Desorption (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Laser Ablation and Desorption 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Contributors 12
Preface 14
Volumes in Series 16
Chapter 1. Introduction to Laser Desorption and Ablation 20
1.1. Introduction 20
1.2. Historical Development 21
1.3. Annotated Bibliography 23
References 31
Chapter 2. Mechanisms of Laser-Induced Desorption and Ablation 34
2.1. Introduction 34
2.2. Photoexcitation and Material Response at Surfaces 39
2.3. Competition Between Localized and Delocalized Excitations 57
2.4. Laser-Induced Desorption from Metals, Semiconductors, and Insulators 77
2.5. Laser Ablation 95
2.6. Novel Experimental Tools for Studying Laser Ablation 126
2.7. Modeling Laser-Induced Desorption and Ablation 135
2.8. Conclusion and Outlook 142
References 145
Chapter 3. Low Fluence Laser Desorption and Plume Formation from Wide Bandgap Crystalline Materials 158
3.1. Introduction 158
3.2. Photoelectron Emission 159
3.3. Photodesorption of Neutral Species 159
3.4. Photodesorption of Positive Ions 161
3.5. Low Fluence Plume Formation 171
3.6. Conclusions 188
References 189
Chapter 4. Lasers, Optics, and Thermal Considerations in Ablation Experiments 192
4.1. Definition of Laser Intensity and Fluence Variables 192
4.2. Thermal Considerations 194
4.3. Lasers Used in Ablation 206
4.4. Beam Delivery 210
4.5. Temperature of the Target 220
References 238
Chapter 5. Plume Formation and Characterization in Laser-Surface Interactions 244
5.1. Introduction 244
5.2. Emission Mechanisms and Plume Formation 251
5.3. Plume Characterization 264
5.4. General Conclusions 300
References 305
Chapter 6. Surface Characterization 310
6.1. Introduction 310
6.2. LEED and RHEED 311
6.3. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) 318
6.4. Ion Scattering Spectrometry 325
6.5. Structural Analysis Using Ion Beams 331
6.6. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) 334
6.7. XPS and AES 337
6.8. Summary 346
References 346
Chapter 7. Surface Modification with Lasers 352
7.1. Introduction 352
7.2. Physical and Chemical Effects of Laser Irradiation 359
7.3. Surface Morphology Modification 372
7.4. Surface Modification of Polymers 378
7.5. Surface Modification of Metals and Semiconductors 381
7.6. Excimer Laser Lithography 385
7.7. Conclusion 388
References 388
Chapter 8. Chemical Analysis by Laser Ablation 394
Introduction 394
8.1. Direct Solid-Phase Chemical Analysis 394
8.2. Laser-Induced Plasmas 395
8.3. Laser Ablation–Inductinvely Coupled Plasma 403
8.4. Correlation of ICP Emission to Ablated Mass 409
8.5. Ablation in Noble Gases 412
8.6. Quantitative Analysis 416
8.7. Particles 420
8.8. Conclusion 422
References 424
Chapter 9. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionization 432
9.1. Introduction 432
9.2. Protein-Doped Matrix Crystals 436
9.3. Protein Ion Sources 442
9.4. Applications to Polymer Analysis 449
References 458
Chapter 10. Physical Mechanisms Governing the Ablation of Biological Tissue 468
10.1. Introduction 468
10.2. Gedanken Experiments 469
10.3. Laser-Tissue Interactions 469
10.4. Ultraviolet and Visible Laser Ablation 475
10.5. IR-Laser Ablation 476
10.6. Toward Clinical Applications 487
10.7. Future Research 487
10.8. Concluding Remarks 488
References 489
Chapter 11. Growth and Doping of Compound Semiconductor Films by Pulsed Laser Ablation 494
11.1. Introduction 494
11.2. Characteristics of Laser Ablation Important for Film Growth 496
11.3. Growth of Compound Semiconductor Films by Pulsed Laser Ablation 536
References 576
Chapter 12. Laser Ablation in Optical Components andThin Films 592
12.I. Introduction 592
12.2. Experimental Techniques 595
12.3. Laser Ablation from Bulk Optical Materials 600
12.4. Laser Ablation from Thin Film Optical Materials 626
References 635
Chapter 13. The Future of Laser Ablation 648
13.1. Introduction 648
13.2. Material Cutting and Joining 650
13.3. Cluster-Beam Generation by Laser Ablation 651
13.4. Laser Plasma X-ray Generation 653
13.5. Lasers in the Semiconductor Industry 654
13.6. High-speed Color Printing 657
13.7. Laser Ablation in Microfabrication 659
13.8. Conclusions 661
References 662
Index 664