Operative Neuromodulation (eBook)

Preface 6
Contents 7
Introduction 12
An introduction to neural networks surgery, a field of neuromodulation which is based on advances in neural networks science and digitised brain imaging 13
Pain 24
Management of chronic severe pain: cerebral neuromodulatory and neuroablative approaches 25
Extradural cortical stimulation for central pain 35
Motor cortex stimulation for neuropathic pain 45
Motor cortex stimulation for chronic non-malignant pain: current state and future prospects 53
Stimulation of primary motor cortex for intractable deafferentation pain 58
Cathodal, anodal or bifocal stimulation of the motor cortex in the management of chronic pain? 64
Somatosensory cortex stimulation for deafferentation pain 74
Localization of precentral gyrus in image-guided surgery for motor cortex stimulation 82
Anatomical and physiological basis, clinical and surgical considerations, mechanisms underlying efficacy and future prospects of cortical stimulation for pain 87
Chronic electrostimulation of the trigeminal ganglion in trigeminal neuropathy: current state and future prospects 96
Neuromodulatory approaches to the treatment of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias 103
Deep brain stimulation for neuropathic pain 115
Movement disorders 121
Surgical considerations in movement disorders: deep brain stimulation, ablation and transplantation 122
Deep brain stimulation and chemical neuromodulation: current use and perspectives for the future 129
GDNF delivery for Parkinson’s disease 136
Neuronal networks of the basal ganglia and the value of recording field potentials from them 156
Technical aspects and considerations of deep brain stimulation surgery for movement disorders 163
Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease 171
Neuromodulation of prelemniscal radiations in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease 185
Deep brain stimulation for torsion dystonia 191
Deep brain stimulation for treatment of cervical dystonia 200
Subthalamic nucleus stimulation for primary dystonia and tardive dystonia 205
DBS in Tourette syndrome: rationale, current status and future prospects 213
Extradural cortical stimulation for movement disorders 221
Motor cortex stimulation for Parkinson’s disease 231
Stereotactic stimulation of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum in cerebral palsy from a suboccipital approach 237
Epilepsy 242
Electrical stimulation devices in the treatment of epilepsy 243
Brain stimulation for epilepsy 256
Clinical experience with vagus nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation in epilepsy 268
Vagus nerve stimulation: indications and limitations 276
Vagus nerve stimulation for intractable epilepsy: outcome in two series combining 90 patients 282
Electrical stimulation and gene-based neuromodulation for control of medically- refractory epilepsy 287
Rationale, mechanisms of efficacy, anatomical targets and future prospects of electrical deep brain stimulation for epilepsy 304
Anatomical and physiological basis and mechanism of action of neurostimulation for epilepsy 314
The role of neuromodulation of the hippocampus in the treatment of intractable complex partial seizures of the temporal lobe 322
Neurosurgical aspects of temporal deep brain stimulation for epilepsy 326
Deep brain stimulation for treatment of the epilepsies: the centromedian thalamic target 330
Anterior thalamic nucleus stimulation for epilepsy 336
Cerebellar and thalamic stimulation treatment for epilepsy 340
A novel closed-loop stimulation system in the control of focal, medically refractory epilepsy 350
Psychiatric disorders 356
Neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders: from the excision of brain tissue to the chronic electrical stimulation of neural networks 357
Behavioural and physiological effects of electrical stimulation in the nucleus accumbens: a review 367
Neuromodulation of the inferior thalamic peduncle for major depression and obsessive compulsive disorder 384
Chronic high frequency stimulation of the posteromedial hypothalamus in facial pain syndromes and behaviour disorders 390
Vagus nerve stimulation for depression: rationale, anatomical and physiological basis of efficacy and future prospects 398
Hearing disorders 408
Experimental and clinical aspects of the efferent auditory system 409
Functional outcome of auditory implants in hearing loss 415
Auditory brainstem implants: current state and future directions with special reference to the subtonsillar approach for implantation 420
Auditory brainstem implants: past, present and future prospects 425
Twenty-five years of auditory brainstem implants: perspectives 431
Auditory cortex stimulation for tinnitus 438
Visual disorders 450
Implantable visual prostheses 451
Restoring visual perception using microsystem technologies: engineering and manufacturing perspectives 459
A neuroprosthesis for restoring sight 467
Towards the bionic eye – the retina implant: surgical, opthalmological and histopathological perspectives 473
Computational neuromodulation 480
Motor cortex stimulation: role of computer modeling 481
Computational models simulating electrophysiological activity in the basal ganglia 488
Computational perspectives on neuromodulation of aging 495
Emerging applications 501
The periaqueductal grey area and the cardiovascular system 502
Therapeutic potential of computer to cerebral cortex implantable devices 510
Trimodal nanoelectrode array for precise deep brain stimulation: prospects of a new technology based on carbon nanofiber arrays 517
Neural networks on chemically patterned electrode arrays: towards a cultured probe 526
Brain-computer interface: a reciprocal self-regulated neuromodulation 534
Cicerone: stereotactic neurophysiological recording and deep brain stimulation electrode placement software system 539
StimExplorer: deep brain stimulation parameter selection software system 546
Connections of the basal ganglia with the limbic system: implications for neuromodulation therapies of anxiety and affective disorders 552
Author index 564
Index of keywords 566