Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XVII (eBook)

Carlos Borrego is Professor of Environmental Engineering and Air Pollution Modeling at the University of Aveiro (Portugal). Former Minister of Environment (Portuguese Government) and President of the European Union delegation to the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Rio 1992). Chairman of the International Technical Meetings of NATO/CCMS.

Preface 6
The Members of the Scientific Committee for the 27th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meetings on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application 8
History of NATO/CCMS Air Pollution Pilot Studies 9
Contents 11
Role of Atmospheric Models in Air Pollution Policy and Abatement Strategies 20
A Photochemical Screening Tool Based on a Scale Analysis of Ozone Photochemistry 21
Modeling and Analysis of Ozone and Nitrogen Oxides in the Southeast United States National Parks 31
An Investigation of Local Anthropogenic Effects on Photochemical Air Pollution in Istanbul with Model Study 38
Forecasting Urban Meteorology, Air Pollution and Population Exposure ( European FUMAPEX Project) 47
Models-3/CMAQ Simulations to Estimate Transboundary Influences on Ozone and Particulate Matter Concentrations Over Ontario in Spring Ò Summer 1998 59
Cost-Optimized Air Pollution Control Using High- Order Sensitivity Analysis 66
Seasonal Evaluation of EU Road Traffic Emission Abatement Strategies on Photochemical Pollution in Northern Italy 77
Risk Based Approaches to Assessing the Environmental Burden of Acid Gas Emissions 86
Assessment of Different Land use Development Scenarios in Terms of Traffic Flows and Associated Air Quality 95
Concentrations of Toxic Air Pollutants in the U. S. Simulated by an Air Quality Model 105
A Numerical Study of Recirculation Processes in the Lower Fraser Valley ( British Columbia, Canada) 115
A Preliminary Estimate of the Total Impact of Ozone and PM2.5 Air Pollution on Premature Mortalities in the United States 120
Application of a Comprehensive Acid Deposition Model in Support of Acid Rain Abatement in Canada 127
Modeling Source-Receptor Relationships and Health Impacts of Air Pollution in the United States 137
Integrated Regional Modeling 145
Evaluation of Local Ozone Production of Chamonix Valley ( France) During a Regional Smog Episode 146
Alternative Approaches to Diagnosing Ozone Production Regime 157
Analysis of Seasonal Changes of Atmospheric Aerosols on Different Scales in Europe Using Sequentially Nested Simulations 166
Interaction Between Meteorological and Dispersion Models at Different Scales 175
Modeling Photochemical Pollution in the Northeastern Iberian Peninsula 184
Modeling the Weekend Effect in the Northeastern Iberian Peninsula 194
Transport and Deposition Patterns of Ozone and Aerosols in the Mediterranean Region 204
On the Formulation and Implementation of Urban Boundary Conditions for Regional Models 214
Computational Model for Transient Pollutants Dispersion in City Intersection and Comparison with Measurements 224
Effects of Climate Change on Air Quality 232
Air Quality in Future Decades Ò Determining the Relative Impacts of Changes in Climate, Emissions, Global Atmospheric Composition, and Regional Land Use 233
Calculated Feedback Effects of Climate Change Caused by Anthropogenic Aerosols 243
Dimethyl Sulphide (DMS) and its Oxidation to Sulphur Dioxide Downwind of an Ocean Iron Fertilization Study, SERIES: A Model for DMS Flux 253
Aerosols as Atmospheric Contaminants 261
Aerosol Modelling with CAMX4 and PMCAMX: A Comparison Study 262
Source Apportionment of Primary Carbonaceous Aerosol Using the Community Multiscale Air Quality Model 272
Urban Population Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution Induced by Road Transport 282
Numerical Simulation of Air Concentration and Deposition of Particulate Metals Emitted from a Copper Smelter and a Coal Fired Power Plant During the 2000 Field Experiments on Characterization of Anthropogenic Plumes 292
Aerosol Production in the Marine Boundary Layer Due to Emissions from DMS: Study Based on Theoretical Scenarios Guided by Field Campaign Data 301
Modelling the Atmospheric Transport and Environmental Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Northern Hemisphere using a 3- D Dynamical Model 310
PM-Measurement Campaign HOVERT: Transport Analysis of Aerosol Components by use of the CTM REMÒ CALGRID 318
Direct Radiative Forcing due to Anthropogenic Aerosols in East Asia During 21- 25 April 2001 327
Modelling Fine Aerosol and Black Carbon over Europe to Address Health and Climate Effects 336
An Approach to Simulation of Long- Range Atmospheric Transport of Natural Allergens: An Example of Birch Pollen 346
Cloud Chemistry Modeling: Parcel and 3D Simulations 355
A Test of Thermodynamic Equilibrium Models and 3- D Air Quality Models for Predictions of Aerosol NO-3 366
New Developments 376
Comparison of Aggregated and Measured Turbulent Fluxes in an Urban Area 377
Ensemble Dispersion Modeling: Ï All For One, One For All!Ó 385
Linking the ETA Model with the Community Multiscale Air Quality ( CMAQ) Modeling System: Ozone Boundary Conditions 393
Mixing in Very Stable Conditions 405
Air Quality Ensemble Forecast Over the Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia 413
Developments and Results from a Global Multiscale Air Quality Model ( GEM- AQ) 417
A Variable Time-Step Algorithm for Air Quality Models 425
Temporal Signatures of Observations and Model Outputs: Do Time Series Decomposition Methods Capture Relevant Time Scales? 435
Wind Tunnel Study of the Exchange Between a Street Canyon and the External Flow 444
An Example of Application of Data Assimilation Technique and Adjoint Modelling to an Inverse Dispersion Problem Based on the ETEX Experiment 452
Micro-Swift-Spray (MSS): A New Modelling System for the Simulation of Dispersion at Microscale. General Description and Validation 463
New Developments on RAMS-Hg Model 473
Adaptation of Analytic Diffusivity Formulations to Eulerian Grid Model Layers of Finite Thickness 482
Particulate Matter Source Apportionment Technology ( PSAT) in the CAMx Photochemical Grid Model 492
Model Assessment and Verification 507
Testing Physics and Chemistry Sensitivities in the U. S. EPA Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System ( CMAQ) 508
Real-Time Regional Air Quality Modelling in Support of the ICARTT 2004 Campaign 518
High Time-Resolved Comparisons for In- Depth Probing of CMAQ Fine- Particle and Gas Predictions 528
Sensitivity Analysis of the EUROS Model for the 2003 Summer Smog Episode in Belgium 538
A Performance Evaluation of the 2004 Release of Models- 3 CMAQ 547
Objective Reduction of the Space-Time Domain Dimensionality for Evaluating Model Performance 556
Cloud Processing of Gases and Aerosols in a Regional Air Quality Model ( AURAMS): Evaluation Against Aircraft Data 566
Evaluation of an Annual Simulation of Ozone and Fine Particulate Matter over the Continental United States Ò Which Temporal Features are Captured? 575
Evaluation of CMAQ PM Results Using Size- resolved Field Measurement Data: The Particle Diameter Issue and Its Impact on Model Performance Assessment 584
The U.K. Met OfficeÌs Next-Generation Atmospheric Dispersion Model, NAME III 593
An Operational Evaluation of ETA-CMAQ Air Quality Forecast Model 603
AURAMS/ Pacific2001 Measurement Intensive Comparison 612
Analyzing the Validity of Similarity Theories in Complex Topographies 621
Siting and Exposure of Meteorological Instruments at Urban Sites 628
The Effect of the Street Canyon Length on the Street Scale Flow Field and Air Quality: A Numerical Study 645
Limitations of Air Pollution Episodes Forecast due to Boundary- Layer Parameterisations Implemented in Mesoscale Meteorological Models 654
Posters Role of Atmospheric Models in Air Pollution Policy and Abatement Strategies 664
Use of Lagrangian Particle Model Instead of Gaussian Model for Radioactive Risk Assessment in Complex Terrain 665
Study of Air Pollutant Transport in Northern and Western Turkey 668
Source Term Assessment from Off- Site Gamma Radiation Measurements 671
Determination of the Impact of Different Emission Sources in the Air Quality Concentrations: The Teap Tool 674
Advanced Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling and Probabilistic Consequence Analysis for Radiation Protection Purposes in Germany 676
Integrated Regional Modeling 679
Comparison of Different Turbulence Models Applied to Modelling of Airflow in Urban Street Canyon and Comparison with Measurements 680
Pollutant Dispersion in a Heavily Industrialized Region: Comparison of Different Models 682
Study of Odor Episodes Using Analytical and Modeling Approaches 685
Application of Back-Trajectory Techniques to the Characterization of the Regional Transport of Pollutants to Buenos Aires, Argentina 688
Effects of Climate Change on Air Quality 691
Application of Source-Receptor Techniques to the Assessment of Potential Source Areas in Western Mediterranean 692
New Developments 695
Influence of the Autocorrelation Function in the Derivation of Fundamental Relationship e 8 s 696
A Model for Describing the Evolution of the Energy Density Spectrum in the Convective Boundary Layer Growth 699
Simulation of the Dispersion of Pollutants Considering Nonlocal Effects in the Solution of the Advection- Diffusion Equation 702
Concentration Fluctuations in Turbulent Flow 705
Model Assessment and Verification 708
SkillÌs Comparison of Three Canadian Regional Air Quality Models Over Eastern North America for the Summer 2003 709
Region-Based Method for the Verification of Air Quality Forecasts 714
On the Comparison of Nesting of Lagrangian Air- Pollution Model Smog to Numerical Weather Prediction Model ETA and Eulerian CTM CAMX to NWP Model MM5: Ozone Episode Simulation 717
High Resolution Air Quality Simulations with MC2- AQ and GEM- AQ 720
Nonlinear Models to Forecast Ozone Peaks 727
Evaluation of MC2 Profile Data During the Pacific2001 Field Study 730
27th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application 733