Anaesthesia, Pain, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine - A.P.I.C.E. (eBook)

Table of Contents 5
List of Contributors 12
Cellular response to mechanical stress 28
Molecular biology: from the bench to clinical application 45
Autologous bone marrow cells transplantation in ischaemic cardiomyopathy: initial clinical results 59
Haemorrhagic shock 70
Microdialysis: principles and techniques 82
Sidestream dark-field imaging and image analysis of oral microcirculation under clinical conditions 99
Perfusion optimisation at the microcirculatory level 109
Pacemaker resynchronisation in the treatment of severe heart failure 118
The importance of guidelines in airway management 132
BioGrid: a collaborative environment for Life Science Research 142
The classifications of antibiotics 153
An overview of antibiotic pharmacokinetics 161
Evidence for immediate adequate parenteral antibiotics 181
Focus on antibiotics: use and misuse in the intensive care unit, and antibiotics monitoring 197
Clinical significance of monitoring the central nervous system in the operation room and the intensive care unit 204
Global hypothermia for neuroprotection after cardiac arrest 215
Vegetative state 224
A personal account from four decades of cardiac care: is there a case for mechanical heart rhythm management? 235
Oesophageal pacing and cardioversion–defibrillation 245
Thrombolysis during cardiopulmonary resuscitation 261
Cardiac resynchronisation therapy: do we know everything? 270
Minimising reperfusion injury in settings of myocardial ischaemia 280
Non-invasive haemodynamic monitoring: where we are in 2005 290
Role of shock timing in cardiac vulnerability to electric shocks 299
Analysis of arterial pulse and ventricular devices 307
Ventilatory-metabolic monitoring and analysis of arterial pulse 316
The assessment of cardiac performance in critically ill patients 324
Haemodynamic monitoring of septic patients with pressure recording analytical method: preliminary observations 334
The dark side of the moon: in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation 351
Physiopathology of atelectasis during anaesthesia 361
Effect of mechanical ventilation on right ventricular afterload 368
Computed tomography evaluation of lung collapse and recruitment manoeuvres during anaesthesia 375
Mechanisms of repair and remodelling in ARDS 387
Corticosteroids in ARDS: back to the future 410
Nitric oxide should be used in ARDS 424
Formation and clearance of pulmonary oedema in acute lung injury/ acute respiratory distress syndrome 436
Diabetic ketoacidosis: incidence, biochemical abnormalities, pathophysiology, and diagnosis 445
Endogenous metabolic acid–base abnormalities: lactate and other strong ions 450
Metabolic acidosis 458
Metabolic alkalosis 466
Blood-gas monitoring 474
Epidemiology of infections in the PICU 496
Strategy in the treatment of secondary peritonitis 503
Combination therapy for sepsis: the wave of the future or too complex to consider? 519
Implementation of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines 525
Perioperative cardiac risk stratification 535
Risk evaluation and anaesthetic strategy in perioperative myocardial ischaemia 548
Practice recommendations guidelines for pulmonary artery catheter 556
Perioperative neuroprotection: is it possible to prevent brain injury in high risk patients? 569
Drug interactions in anaesthetic practice 580
Perioperative myocardial ischaemia 590
Left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction 597
Challenges in perioperative medicine: positioning 603
The neurotoxicity of commonly used general anaesthetics: is it possible? 610
Neuroprotection by N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists 619
Neuroprotection by dexmedetomidine 625
Choice of anaesthetics for neurosurgical anaesthesia 632
Brain protection – the clinical reality 641
Challenges in perioperative medicine: neuroanaesthesia 651
Does anaesthesia influence the apoptosis pathway? 658
Anaesthesia in orthopaedic surgery 666
Severe bleeding in critical care 675
Transfusion triggers in surgery 682
Pre-hospital trauma care: controversial aspects 692
The unstable trauma patient 700
What to do next: major chest trauma beyond the ‘recipe books’ 711
Application of new educational methodologies in disaster medicine 728
Terrorist attacks: what have we learned? 734
Difficult airway 745
Rationale for the use of noninvasive ventilation in children 761
Neonatal helmet–continuous positive airway pressure in preterm infants 769
Helmet-delivered CPAP in children with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure 776
Organisation of an Acute Pain Service 789
Pain management and patient satisfaction 798
Monitoring process quality in intensive care 811
Evaluating quality of life after intensive care 821