Vascular Surgery (eBook)

George Geroulakos, MD FRCS DIC PhD is the President of the Section of Vascular Medicine at the Royal Society of Medicine, a Consultant Vascular Surgeon at Charing Cross Hospital and a Senior Lecturer at Imperial College London, UK. Bauer Sumpio, MD PhD FACS is Professor of Vascular Surgery and Diagnostic Radiology and Chief of Vascular Surgery at Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Vascular Surgery 2
Copyright Page 3
Dedication 4
SECTION AND BOARDOF VASCULAR SURGERY 5
Foreword to the First Edition 6
Preface to the First Edition 7
Preface to the Second Edition 8
Preface to the Third Edition 9
Contents 10
Contributors 15
Part I Arterial Aneurysms 22
1: Preoperative Cardiac Risk Assessment and Management of Elderly Men with an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 23
Question 1 23
Question 2 26
Question 3 26
Question 4 26
Question 5 27
1.1 Commentary 27
1.2 Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists 28
1.3 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) 28
1.4 Percutaneous Revascularization 30
1.5 Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting 31
References 31
2: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 34
Question 1 34
Question 2 35
Question 3 36
Question 4 36
Question 5 36
Question 6 36
Question 7 37
Question 8 37
Question 9 37
2.1 Commentary 38
References 42
3: Endoluminal Treatment of Infra-renal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 44
Question 1 44
Question 2 46
Question 3 46
Question 4 46
Question 5 46
Question 6 48
Question 7 48
Question 8 48
Question 9 48
Question 10 49
Question 11 49
Question 12 49
Question 13 50
Question 14 52
3.1 Commentary 52
3.2 Case Analysis Quiz 57
References 60
4: Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 62
Question 1 62
Question 2 63
Question 3 63
Question 4 64
Question 5 64
Question 6 65
Question 7 65
4.1 Commentary 65
References 69
5: Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm 71
Question 1 72
Question 2 72
Question 3 73
Question 4 73
Question 5 74
Question 6 74
Question 7 74
Question 8 74
Question 9 75
Question 10 75
5.1 Commentary 75
References 80
6: Endovascular Management of Thoracic Aneurysm 82
Question 1 82
Question 2 83
Question 3 83
Question 4 83
Question 5 84
Question 6 84
Question 7 84
Question 8 84
Question 9 84
Question 10 85
Question 11 85
Question 12 85
Question 13 86
6.1 Commentary 87
References 90
7: Aortic Dissection 92
7.1 Dissection: Stanford A 92
Question 1 92
Question 2 93
Question 3 93
7.2 Dissection: Stanford B 95
Question 4 95
Question 5 96
7.3 Commentary 97
References 99
8: Popliteal Artery Aneurysms 101
Question 1 101
Question 2 101
Question 3 102
Question 4 102
Question 5 104
8.1 Popliteal Artery Aneurysm 105
References 106
9: Renal Artery Aneurysm 107
Question 1 108
Question 2 108
Question 3 108
Question 4 108
Question 5 109
9.1 Commentary 109
References 111
10: Anastomotic Aneurysms 112
Question 1 113
Question 2 113
Question 3 113
Question 4 114
Question 5 114
10.1 Commentary 114
10.2 Indications for Intervention 115
10.3 Treatment for Anastomotic Aneurysms 116
10.4 Infection in Anastomotic Aneurysms 118
10.5 Outcome 118
References 119
11: False Aneurysm in the Groin Following Coronary Angioplasty 120
Question 1 120
Question 2 121
Question 3 121
Question 4 122
Question 5 122
Question 6 122
11.1 Commentary 124
References 126
12: Acute Thrombosis 128
Question 1 128
Question 2 129
Question 3 129
Question 4 129
Question 5 129
Question 6 130
Question 7 132
12.1 Commentary 132
References 138
Part II Acute Ischemia 139
13: Arterial Embolism 140
Question 1 140
Question 2 141
Question 3 141
Question 4 142
Question 5 142
Question 6 142
13.1 Commentary 143
References 146
14: Blast Injury to the Lower Limb 147
Question 1 147
Question 2 147
Question 3 148
Question 4 148
Question 5 148
Question 6 148
Question 7 149
Question 8 150
14.1 Commentary 152
References 155
15: Endovascular Management of Aortic Transection in a Multiinjured Patient 157
Question 1 157
Question 2 158
Question 3 158
Question 4 159
Question 5 159
Question 6 163
Question 7 163
Question 8 163
Question 9 165
15.1 Commentary 165
References 171
Part III Management of Chronic Ischemia of the Lower Extremities 174
16: Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Peripheral Arterial Disease 175
Question 1 175
Question 2 178
Question 3 178
Smoking 178
Antiplatelet Agents 179
Blood Pressure (BP) 179
Glucose Status 180
Lipids 180
Emerging Risk Factors 180
Question 4 181
References 181
17: Lower Limb Claudication Due to Iliac Artery Occlusive Disease 183
Question 1 183
Question 2 184
Question 3 184
Question 4 184
Question 5 184
Question 6 186
Question 7 186
Question 8 187
Question 9 187
Question 10 188
Question 11 188
17.1 Commentary 188
References 194
18: Lower Limb Claudication Due to Bilateral Iliac Artery Occlusive Disease: The Case for Iliac Stenting and Femorofemoral Crossover Bypass 196
Question 1 197
Question 2 197
Question 3 199
18.1 Commentary 199
18.2 Clinical Assessment 199
18.3 Imaging Techniques 200
18.4 Revascularization Options 200
18.5 Aortobifemoral Bypass 201
18.6 Iliac Angioplasty and Stenting 201
18.7 Iliac Stenting Combined with Profunda Femoris Artery Revascularization 201
18.8 Rationale for Angioplasty of “Donor” Iliac Artery Prior to Femorofemoral Crossover Bypass 202
18.9 Occlusive Disease of the Common Femoral Artery, Profunda Orifice and Superficial Artery in Patients with Iliac Angiopla 205
18.10 Supervision and Follow-up of the Patient 206
References 206
19: Endovascular Management of Lower Limb Claudication due to Infra-Inguinal Disease 208
Question 1 208
Question 2 209
Question 3 210
Question 4 210
Question 5 211
Question 6 212
Question 7 213
Question 8 214
Question 9 215
Question 10 216
Question 11 218
Question 12 220
19.1 Commentary 220
References 222
20: Endovascular Management of Non-Healing Leg Ulceration 224
Question 1 224
Question 2 225
Question 3 226
Question 4 226
Question 5 228
20.1 Commentary 228
References 232
21: Bypass to the Popliteal Artery 234
Question 1 234
Question 2 235
Question 3 235
Question 4 235
Question 5 236
21.1 Commentary 236
References 238
22: Bypass to the Infrapopliteal Arteries for Chronic Critical Limb Ischemia 240
Question 1 240
Question 2 241
Question 3 241
Question 4 241
Question 5 242
22.1 Commentary 242
References 243
23: Popliteal Artery Entrapment 245
Question 1 245
Question 2 247
Question 3 248
Question 4 248
Question 5 249
23.1 Commentary 249
References 251
24: Adventitial Cystic Disease of the Popliteal Artery 252
Question 1 252
Question 2 254
Question 3 254
Question 4 254
24.1 Commentary 257
References 261
25: The Obturator Foramen Bypass 262
Question 1 262
Question 2 263
Question 3 263
Question 4 263
Question 5 264
Question 6 264
Question 7 264
Question 8 265
25.1 Commentary 265
25.2 Preoperative Measures 265
25.3 The Concept of the Obturator Foramen Bypass 266
25.4 Obturator Foramen Bypass Technique 267
References 269
26: Diabetic Foot 272
Question 1 272
Question 2 272
Question 3 273
Question 4 273
Question 5 273
Question 6 274
Question 7 274
Question 8 276
Question 9 276
Question 10 276
Question 11 277
26.1 Commentary 277
References 281
Part IV Surgery of the Major Branches of the Infradiaphragmatic Aorta 282
27: Chronic Visceral Ischemia 283
Question 1 283
Question 2 285
Question 3 285
Question 4 285
27.1 Commentary 286
References 287
28: Acute Mesenteric Ischaemia 289
Question 1 289
Question 2 290
Question 3 290
Question 4 291
Question 5 291
Question 6 291
28.1 Commentary 292
References 297
29: Renovascular Hypertension 299
Question 1 299
Question 2 300
Question 3 300
Question 4 300
Question 5 301
29.1 Commentary 301
29.2 MRA 302
29.3 CTA 303
29.4 Intra-arterial Angiography 303
29.5 Duplex Ultrasonography (DU) 304
29.6 Treatment 305
29.6.1 Medical Treatment 305
29.6.2 Revascularization 305
29.7 Prognosis 308
References 308
30: Midaortic Syndrome 311
Question 1 311
Question 2 313
Question 3 313
Question 4 313
Question 5 314
30.1 Commentary 314
References 320
Part V Management of Portal Hypertension 322
31: Management of Portal Hypertension 323
Question 1 323
Question 2 324
Question 3 324
Question 4 324
Question 5 325
31.1 Commentary 327
31.2 General Considerations 327
References 331
Part VI Management of ExtracranialCerebrovascular Disease 332
32: Management of Carotid Bifurication Disease 333
Question 1 333
Question 2 334
Question 3 334
Question 4 335
Question 5 336
Question 6 336
32.1 Commentary 337
References 340
33: The Carotid Body Tumor 341
Question 1 341
Question 2 342
Question 3 342
Question 4 344
Question 5 344
33.1 Commentary 345
33.2 Clinical Presentation 345
33.3 Treatment 346
33.4 Summary 347
References 347
34: Vertebrobasilar Ischemia: Embolic and Low-Flow Mechanisms 349
Question 1 349
Question 2 350
Question 3 350
34.1 Commentary 351
34.2 Vertebrobasilar Ischemia: Low-Flow Mechanism 353
Question 1 355
Question 2 355
34.3 Commentary 355
References 356
35: Takayasu’s Arteritis Associated with Cerebrovascular Ischemia 358
Question 1 358
Question 2 359
Question 3 359
Question 4 360
Question 5 361
Question 6 363
Question 7 363
Question 8 364
35.1 Commentary 365
References 370
Part VII Neurovascular Conditionsof the Upper Extremity 372
36: Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and Pectoralis Minor Syndrome 373
Question 1 374
Question 2 374
Question 3 375
Question 4 375
Question 5 375
Question 6 376
Question 7 376
Question 8 376
36.1 Commentary 377
References 379
37: Acute Axillary/Subclavian Vein Thrombosis 381
Question 1 381
Question 2 382
Question 3 382
Question 4 382
Question 5 383
37.1 Commentary 383
References 385
38: Raynaud’s Phenomenon 387
Question 1 387
Question 2 388
Question 3 389
Question 4 389
Question 5 389
Question 6 390
38.1 Commentary 390
References 393
Part VIII Prevention and Managementof Complications of ArterialSurgery 394
39: Aortofemoral Graft Infection 395
Question 1 395
Question 2 396
Question 3 397
Question 4 397
Question 5 397
Question 6 397
Question 7 398
Question 8 399
Question 9 400
Question 10 401
39.1 Commentary 401
References 404
40: Aortoenteric Fistulas 407
Question 1 407
Question 2 408
Question 3 408
Question 4 409
Question 5 409
40.1 Commentary 409
References 411
Part IX Vascular Access 413
41: The Optimal Conduit for Hemodialysis Access 414
Question 1 414
Question 2 415
Question 3 415
41.1 Commentary 420
Question 1 420
Question 2 420
Question 3 421
Question 4 422
Question 5 422
Question 6 423
Questions 7 and 8 423
Question 9 424
Question 10 425
Comment 425
References 425
42: Acute Ischaemia of the Upper Extremity Following Graft Arteriovenous Fistula 427
Question 1 427
Question 2 427
Question 3 428
Question 4 428
Question 5 429
42.1 Commentary 429
References 432
Part X Amputations 434
43: Amputations in an Ischemic Limb 435
Question 1 435
Question 2 436
Question 3 437
Question 4 437
Question 5 437
Question 6 438
Question 7 438
Question 8 438
43.1 Commentary 440
References 446
Part XI Vascular Malformations 449
44: Congenital Vascular Malformation 450
Question 1 451
Question 2 451
Question 3 451
Question 4 451
44.1 Clinical Evaluation 452
Question 5 453
Question 6 454
Question 7 454
Question 8 454
Question 9 454
Question 10 455
Question 11 455
44.2 Commentary 455
References 464
45: Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome 466
Question 1 466
Question 2 467
Question 3 468
Question 4 468
Question 5 468
Question 6 469
Question 7 470
45.1 Commentary 470
Clinical Presentation 470
Evaluation 471
Treatment 472
References 473
Part XII Management of Venous Disorders 474
46: Deep Venous Thrombosis 475
Question 1 475
Question 2 475
Question 3 475
Question 4 476
Question 5 476
Question 6 476
Question 7 477
Question 8 477
Question 9 477
46.1 Commentary 478
References 481
47: Endoluminal Ablation of Varicose Veins 483
Question 1 483
Question 2 484
Question 3 484
Question 4 484
Question 5 485
Question 6 485
Question 7 486
Question 8 487
Question 9 487
47.1 Commentary 488
References 490
48: Ultrasound Guided Foam Sclerotherapy for the Management of Recurrent Varicose Veins 491
Question 1 491
Question 2 491
Question 3 492
Question 4 492
Question 5 492
Question 6 493
Question 7 494
Question 8 494
48.1 Commentary 494
References 496
49: Venous Ulcers Associated with Deep Venous Insufficiency 498
Question 1 499
Question 2 499
Question 3 500
49.1Commentary 500
References 506
50: Venous Ulcers Associated with Superficial Venous Insufficiency 509
Question 1 509
Question 2 510
Question 3 510
Question 4 510
Question 5 511
Question 6 511
50.1 Commentary 511
References 517
51: Iliofemoral Venous Thrombosis 519
Question 1 520
Question 2 520
Question 3 521
Question 4 521
Question 5 521
50.1 Commentary 521
References 524
52: Iliofemoral Deep Venous Thrombosis During Pregnancy 525
Question 1 525
Question 2 526
Question 3 526
Question 4 526
Question 5 527
Question 6 527
Question 7 528
Question 8 529
Question 9 529
Question 10 531
Question 11 532
52.1 Commentary 532
References 535
Part XIII Lymphodema 537
53: Management of Chronic Lymphedema of the Lower Extremity 538
Question 1 538
Question 2 539
Question 3 540
Question 4 540
Question 5 540
Question 6 541
Question 7 541
Question 8 541
Question 9 541
Question 10 542
53.1 Commentary 542
References 552
54: Management of Upper Extremity Lymphoedema with Microsurgical Lympho-Venous Anastomosis (LVA) 556
Question 1 556
Question 2 558
Question 3 558
Question 4 559
Question 5 560
54.1 Commentary 560
References 565
Index 567