Cell and Organ Printing (eBook)
XIV, 260 Seiten
Springer Netherland (Verlag)
978-90-481-9145-1 (ISBN)
Most successful research fields will go through different stages of development before maturation and eventually gain general acceptance.In the course of this development, it is important to periodically examine current progress, refocus goals, and explore new directions in the field. We believe the field of Cell-Printing (CP) has reached a stage when such an exercise is beneficial for all researchers involved. A number of the CP techniques have reached certain successes in the laboratory and it is time to examine their current capabilities and limitations, and establish future goals and direction. This is the aspiration of the proposed book. CP techniques have been developed to dispense cells in a controlled manner. In the first publication of successful mammalian CP, the author envisioned: "e;Potentially, multiple cell types can be placed at arbitrary positions with micrometer precision in an attempt to recapitulate the complex 3D cellular organization of native tissues."e;1 Since that time, many CP techniques have achieved the capability of placing multiple cell types at arbitrary positions with micrometer precision in two-dimensions (2D). This is an important achievement and a major milestone. However, the second part of the author's vision continues to elude us. To recapitulate the complex 3D cellular organization of native tissues using CP is to conduct tissue engineering (TE). To engineer any tissue is a major endeavor in science, technology, and engineering. TE using CP requires 3D processing. A few CP techniques have demonstrated some 3D printing successes. But none have demonstrated the ability to print multiple cell types at arbitrary positions with micrometer precision in 3D. To achieve this capability will probably require new ideas, new materials, and advances in tissue biology as well as new technologies. Printing tissues and organs is a capability we should and need to achieve based on its potential application in science and especially medicine. The proposed book will be a venue for researchers from diverse backgrounds to showcase their work, address barriers ahead,and brainstorm new trails towards achieving this capability. TE is just one important goal to pursue for CP, and by no means the only one. CP techniques found application in other areas, for example, BioLP has been shown to produce protein arrays, sort cells, and microdissect malignant tissue. Developing applications beyond TE for CP techniques helps sustain CP development by attracting resources and recognition to the field. The proposed book will solicit ideas for potential applications for CP as well as review the applicationsdeveloped thus far. The proposed book will consist of a collection of chapters from researchers in areas of CP and related fields. The chapters will be separated into three sections. The first section will be a review of the capability and development of established CP techniques and an introduction to any new CP techniques. The second section will focus on topics relating to achieving true 3D CP: ideas, strategies, materials, and technologies. The final section will focus on the applications of CP, both those already realized and those that hold potential for the future.
Foreword 4
References 7
Contents 8
Contributors 10
Part I Biological Freeform Fabrication 14
1 3D On-Demand Bioprinting for the Creation of Engineered Tissues 15
List of Abbreviations 15
1.1 Introduction 16
1.2 Biological Printer 17
1.2.1 Hardware Architecture of the Biological Printer 17
1.2.2 Software Interface and Hardware Implementation 19
1.2.3 Flexibility in Bioprinting Using Electromechanical Valves 20
1.3 Method of Constructing Multi-layered Cell-Hydrogel Composites 21
1.3.1 Technique Enabling Multi-layered Construction of Cell-Hydrogel Composites 22
1.3.2 3D Cell-Hydrogel Scaffold Construction 22
1.4 Creation of Hydrogel Channel 25
1.5 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Releasing Fibrin in Collagen Gel 26
1.6 Synovium-Deriven Embryonic Like-Adult Stem Cell Printing for Artificial Bone 28
1.7 Conclusions 30
References 7
Part II Ink Jet Approaches 32
2 Reconstruction of Biological Three-Dimensional Tissues: Bioprinting and Biofabrication Using Inkjet Technology 33
2.1 Introduction 33
2.2 Tissue Engineering and the Issues in Tissue Engineering 34
2.3 Rationale for Direct Cell Printing in Tissue Engineering 35
2.4 Development of a 3D Bioprinter and 2D and 3D Biofabrication by Inkjet Cell Printing 37
2.5 Perspectives on 3D Biofabrication by Inkjet Cell Printing 39
2.6 Conclusion 42
References 42
3 Piezoelectric Inkjet Printing of Cells and Biomaterials 44
3.1 Introduction 44
3.2 Biological Printing 46
3.2.1 Cell Patterning and Distribution 47
3.2.2 Cell Viability 50
3.3 Matrix Printing 58
3.4 Conclusion 58
References 58
Part III Modified Laser Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) Approaches 60
4 Laser-Induced Forward Transfer: A Laser-Based Technique for Biomolecules Printing 61
4.1 Introduction 61
4.2 The Laser-Induced Forward Transfer Technique 63
4.2.1 Overview 63
4.2.2 Alternative Approaches 65
4.3 Liquids Printing 66
4.3.1 LIFT of Liquid Films 66
4.3.2 LIFT with an Absorbing Layer 71
4.4 Experimental Setup and Methods 73
4.5 Physics of the Transfer Process 76
4.5.1 Droplets Deposition 76
4.5.2 Liquid Ejection and Transfer 78
4.6 Biomolecules Printing 79
4.6.1 DNA Printing 79
4.6.2 Protein Printing 81
4.7 Summary 84
References 84
5 Biological Laser Printing (BioLP) for High Resolution Cell Deposition 89
5.1 Introduction 89
5.2 Experimental Method 90
5.2.1 Cell Culture and Bioinks 90
5.2.2 BioLP Apparatus 91
5.2.3 Tissue Prepration 92
5.2.4 Fluorescent Imaging 93
5.3 Live Cell Printing 93
5.3.1 Printing Olfactory Ensheathing Cells (OECs) and Rat Cortical Neurons 93
5.3.2 Co-culture Printing of OECs and Rat Cortical Neurons 94
5.3.3 Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) 96
5.3.4 Co-culture Printing of HUVECs and Human Umbilical Vein Smooth Muscle Cells (HUVSMCs) 97
5.4 Tissue Microdissection 99
5.5 Summary 100
References 100
6 High-Throughput Biological Laser Printing: Droplet Ejection Mechanism, Integration of a Dedicated Workstation, and Bioprinting of Cells and Biomaterials 102
6.1 Introduction 102
6.2 Droplet Ejection Mechanism 103
6.2.1 Principle 103
6.2.2 The Absorbing Layer 104
6.2.3 Bubble Dynamics: The Rayleigh -- Plesset Equation 105
6.2.4 Jet Formation: A Complex Threshold Mechanism 106
6.3 Integration of a High-Throughput BioLP Workstation 108
6.3.1 Terms of Reference 108
6.3.2 Design 109
6.3.3 High-Throughput Printing Parameters 110
6.4 Results and Discussion 111
6.4.1 Cell Printing 111
6.4.1.1 Ink Composition Considerations 111
6.4.1.2 Viscosity and Laser Energy Deposit: Two Parameters that Influence Resolution 112
6.4.1.3 High Cell Density Printing in High Spatial Resolution 112
6.4.2 2-Dimensional Printing of Nano-Hydroxyapatite 114
6.4.3 3-Dimensional Printing of Nano Sized Hydroxyapatite 114
6.4.4 Multicolor Printing 115
6.4.5 In Vivo Printing 116
6.4.6 Discussion 117
6.5 Conclusions and Perspectives 118
References 119
7 Absorbing-Film Assisted Laser Induced Forward Transfer of Sensitive Biological Subjects 121
7.1 Introduction 122
7.2 The Experimental Setup 122
7.3 Laser Transfer of Fungus Conidia 124
7.4 Laser Transfer of Living Cells 131
7.5 Femtosecond AFA-LIFT of Living Cells 135
7.6 Conclusion 138
References 139
Part IV Laser Guidance Approaches 141
8 Laser Guidance-Based Cell Micropatterning 142
8.1 Introduction 142
8.1.1 Significance of Cell Patterning 142
8.1.2 Optical Force Generation and Application 143
8.1.3 Laser Guidance Technique 144
8.2 Theory and Numerical Simulation 145
8.2.1 Geometric Optics Model 146
8.2.2 GLMT Model 148
8.2.3 Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Results on Optical Force 149
8.2.4 Beam Waist Requirement 151
8.2.5 Effective Laser-Guidance Distance in the Deposition Chamber 152
8.3 Laser-Guidance Cell-Micropatterning System Design 153
8.3.1 Cell Micropatterning Procedure 153
8.3.2 Optics 154
8.3.3 Cell Deposition Chamber 155
8.3.4 Cell-Feeding Mechanism 156
8.3.5 System Control 156
8.4 Application in Biomedical Research 157
8.4.1 High Accuracy Single-Cell Array 157
8.4.2 Adult Cardiomyocyte Alignment 158
8.4.3 Neuronal Network 158
8.5 Conclusions 159
References 160
Part V Self Organization and Biological Guidance 165
9 What Should We Print Emerging Principles to Rationally Design Tissues Prone to Self-Organization 166
9.1 Principles and Mechanisms of Tissue Self-Organization 166
9.1.1 What is Self-Organization? 166
9.1.2 Does Nature Use Self-Organization Processes? 167
9.2 Experimental Models 169
9.2.1 Patterns of Cells Attached on a Substrate 169
9.2.2 Geometric Wells/Compartments Inside Bioactive Hydrogels 169
9.2.3 Micromolded Blocks of Cell Encapsulated Bioactive Hydrogels 169
9.2.4 Photopolymerizable Hydrogel Using Dielectrophoretic Forces 170
9.2.5 Bioinert Hydrogels as Templates for Cellular Aggregation 170
9.3 Studying Tissue Self-Organization 170
9.3.1 Geometry Induced Heterogeneity of Soluble Factor Concentration 170
9.3.2 Geometry Induced Heterogeneity of Mechanical Stress 171
9.3.3 Modulating Cell--Cell Interactions 172
9.3.4 Spontaneous Formation of a Vascular Network 172
9.4 Conclusion 172
References 173
10 Biological Guidance 175
10.1 Introduction: Stem Cell Migration: The Biological Niche 176
10.1.1 Chemotaxis -- Stem Cell Migration 176
10.1.2 The Stem Cell Niche 178
10.2 Biological Guidance Overview 179
10.3 Cell Guidance Creating a Biomimetic Environment for Cell Homing 179
10.4 Vascular Guidance: Facilitating Neovascularisation Through Microstructural Patterning of Scaffolds 183
10.5 Translating the Concept of Guidance to Clinical Application 184
References 186
11 Patterning Cells on Complex Curved Surface by Precision Spraying of Polymers 188
11.1 Introduction 189
11.2 Experimental Methods 193
11.2.1 Precision Spraying of Polymers 193
11.2.2 Polymer Solutions 194
11.2.2.1 Bio-Active Polymers 194
11.2.2.2 Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 194
11.2.2.3 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 194
11.2.3 Cell Culturing 194
11.2.3.1 Embryonic Chick Forebrain Cell Culture 194
11.2.3.2 LLCPK1- Epithelial Cell Culture 195
11.2.3.3 NIH 3T3 Fibroblast Cell Culture 195
11.2.4 Imaging 195
11.2.4.1 Light Microscopy 195
11.2.4.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy 195
11.2.5 Positive Patterning of Cells 196
11.2.6 Negative Patterning of Cells 197
11.2.7 Patterning Cells on Complex Curved Surfaces 198
11.2.7.1 Complex Curved Surfaces 198
11.3 Summary 198
11.4 Applications, Limitations and Future Directions 199
11.4.1 Application 199
11.4.2 Limitations of Precision Spraying 199
11.5 Future Directions 200
11.6 Disclaimer 200
11.7 Copyright Statement 201
References 201
12 Fabrication of Growth Factor Array Using an Inkjet Printer 204
12.1 Introduction 204
12.2 Materials and Methods 206
12.2.1 Materials 206
12.2.2 Growth Factor Array Using Photoreactive Growth Factors 207
12.2.3 Growth Factor Array with Surface Activated Substratum 207
12.2.4 Growth Factor Array in Liquid System 208
12.2.5 Growth Factor Array with Slow-Release System 209
12.3 Results 210
12.3.1 Growth Factor Array with Photoreactive Growth Factors 210
12.3.2 Growth Factor Array with Surface Activated Substratum 211
12.3.2.1 Growth Factor Array with 3 Growth Factors 211
12.3.2.2 Growth Factor Analysis in Liquid System with 3 Growth Factors 212
12.3.2.3 Evaluation of Immobilized BMP-2 212
12.3.2.4 Growth Factor Array with 4 Growth Factors 213
12.3.2.5 Growth Factor Array in Liquid System with 4 Growth Factors 214
12.3.3 Growth Factor Array with Slow Release System 215
12.3.3.1 Evaluation of Slow Release of Growth Factors 215
12.3.3.2 Culture of C2C12 Myoblast with Growth Factor Array in Slow Release System 215
12.3.3.3 MSC Culture on Growth Factor Array with Slow Release System 216
12.4 Discussion 217
12.4.1 Growth Factor Array Using Photoreactive Growth Factors 217
12.4.2 Growth Factor Array Using Surface Activated Substratum 217
12.4.3 Growth Factor Array in Slow Release System 219
12.5 Conclusion 220
References 221
Part VI 3Dimensional Scaffold Cell Printing 224
13 3D-Fiber Deposition for Tissue Engineering and Organ Printing Applications 225
13.1 Background 225
13.2 Deposition of Polymers 227
13.3 Deposition of Hydrogels 230
13.4 Deposition of Cell-Laden Hydrogels 232
13.5 Organ and Tissue Printing 234
13.6 Future Perspectives 235
References 236
Part VII Printing Bacteria 240
14 Bacterial Cell Printing 241
14.1 Introduction 241
14.2 Experimental Approaches 243
14.2.1 Ink Jet 243
14.2.2 Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) Jetting 243
14.2.3 Modified Laser Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) 244
14.3 Bacterial Cell Printing Results 244
14.3.1 Ink Jet 244
14.3.2 EHD Jetting 245
14.3.3 Modified LIFT 246
14.4 Discussion 250
14.4.1 Compare and Contrast of Bacterial Printers 250
14.4.2 Potential Applications 251
14.5 Summary 252
References 253
Index 255
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 2.9.2010 |
|---|---|
| Zusatzinfo | XIV, 260 p. |
| Verlagsort | Dordrecht |
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Studium ► 1. Studienabschnitt (Vorklinik) ► Biochemie / Molekularbiologie |
| Schlagworte | Bacteria • Biology • Biomaterial • biomolecule • Cell • Protein • tissue |
| ISBN-10 | 90-481-9145-9 / 9048191459 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-90-481-9145-1 / 9789048191451 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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