Nanomaterials and Supramolecular Structures (eBook)

Preface 5
Contents 8
Contributors 12
Part I Modeling of Physico-chemical Processes with Participating Surface 20
1 Surface Plasmons in Assemblies of Small Particles 22
1.1 Introduction 22
1.2 Physical System, Initial Problem, and Multipole Expansions 24
1.3 Two Spheres Above a Substrate: Spheres Polarizability Tensor 27
1.4 Investigations Surface Plasmons for Specific Systems 29
1.4.1 Substrate Influence on the Optical Properties of a Small Sphere 29
1.4.2 Two Metallic Spherical Particles in External Electric Field 34
1.4.3 Multipole Interaction Effect 36
1.4.4 Surface Excitations of Spheroid: General Case 38
1.5 Conclusion 40
References 42
2 Interaction Potential Between Two Closely Spaced Dielectric Surfaces 43
2.1 Introduction 43
2.2 Fundamentals of the Theoretical Method 44
2.3 Results 48
2.4 Conclusions 50
References 51
3 Mechanical Motion in Nonequilibrium Nanosystems 53
References 61
4 Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization of Low Molecular Organic Substances on Oxidized Porous Silicon 63
4.1 Introduction 63
4.2 Experimental 64
4.2.1 Porous Silicon Fabrication and Oxidation 64
4.2.2 Instrumentation 64
4.2.3 Deposition of Dyes on PS Samples 65
4.3 Results and Discussion 65
4.3.1 Chemical Composition of PS Surface Layers by FTIR Data 65
4.3.2 DIOS Mass Spectra of MB Dye 66
4.4 Conclusions 67
References 68
Part II Interaction of Nanomaterials with Components of Biological Environments 69
5 Application Efficiency of Complex Preparations Based on Nanodisperse Silica in Medical Practice 71
5.1 Introduction 71
5.2 Results and Discussion 72
5.2.1 Biomedical Properties of NDS 72
5.2.2 Generations of Preparations Based on NDS 73
5.2.3 List and Examples of Combined Preparations 74
5.2.3.1 Preparations of the Second Generation 74
5.2.3.2 Preparations of the Third Generation 77
5.3 Conclusion 79
References 79
6 Chemical Construction of Polyfunctional Nanocomposites and Nanorobots for Medico-biological Applications 81
6.1 Introduction 81
6.2 Synthesis and Properties of Magnetite 83
6.3 Coating of Magnetite Surface with Poly(acryl amide) 84
6.4 Modification of Magnetite with -Aminopropylsiloxane 84
6.5 Surface Immobilization of Human Immunoglobulin 85
6.6 Immobilization of the CD 95 Antibody 90
6.7 Immobilization of Cisplatin at the Surfaces of the Nanocomposites 91
6.8 Preparation and Cytotoxic Properties of Magnetically Driven Polyfunctional Nanocomposites (Models of Nanorobots) 92
6.9 Conclusions 95
References 95
7 Self-Organization of Water-Organic Systems in Bone Tissue and Products of Its Chemical Degradation 97
7.1 Introduction 97
7.2 Materials and Methods 99
7.3 Results and Discussion 100
7.4 Conclusion 109
References 109
8 Regularities in the Behaviour of Nanooxides in Different Media Affected by Surface Structure and Morphology of Particles 111
8.1 Introduction 111
8.2 Materials and Methods 112
8.3 Surface Structure and Properties 115
8.4 Interaction of Nanooxides with Polymers and Proteins 127
8.5 Conclusion 131
References 132
Part III Geometrical, Chemical, and Adsorptive Modification of Nanomaterials 134
9 Chemical Design of Carbon Coating on the Alumina Support 135
9.1 Introduction 135
9.2 Experimental 136
9.2.1 Material 136
9.2.2 Experimental Methods 136
9.3 Results and Discussion 137
9.4 Conclusions 145
References 145
10 Design of Ag-Modified TiO2-Based Filmswith Controlled Optical and Photocatalytic Properties 147
10.1 Introduction 147
10.2 Experimental 148
10.3 Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO 2 and TiO 2 /ZnO Films Modified with Ag 149
10.4 Characterization of TiO 2 /Ag and /TiO 2 /ZnO/Ag Films by XRD, AFM, and UVVis Spectroscopy 150
10.5 Surface Analysis of TiO 2 /Ag and TiO 2 /ZnO/Ag Nanocomposites by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy 151
10.6 The Photocatalytic Activity of Prepared Nanocomposites 157
10.7 Conclusions 158
References 159
11 Nanoporous Silica Matrices and Their Application in Synthesis of Nanostructures 161
11.1 Role of Ionene in Composition of Porous Structure of Template-Synthesized Silicas 162
11.2 Template Synthesis of Mesoporous Silicas Inside of Nanoreactors Based on Large Pores of Silica Gel 165
11.3 Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles in Surface Layer of Silica Matrices 166
11.4 Conclusions 170
References 172
12 Synthesis and Properties of Magnetosensitive Nanocomposites Based on Iron Oxide Deposited on Fumed Silica 174
12.1 Introduction 174
12.2 Experimental 175
12.3 Results and Discussion 176
12.4 Conclusions 181
References 182
13 Adsorption Modification of Nanosilica with Non-volatile Organic Compounds in Fluidized State 184
13.1 Introduction 184
13.2 Experimental 185
13.2.1 Modification of Nanosilica in Fluidized State in Controlled Atmosphere 185
13.2.2 IR Spectroscopy Method 186
13.3 Results and Discussion 187
13.3.1 Adsorption Modification of Nanosilica with Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Liquid Phase 187
13.3.2 Modification in Fluidized State 188
13.3.3 Effectiveness Comparison for Methods of Nanosilica Modification 190
13.4 Conclusions 192
References 192
14 Synthesis of Functionalized Mesoporous Silicas, Structure of Their Surface Layer and Sorption Properties 193
14.1 Introduction 193
14.2 Synthesis of Functionalized Polysiloxane Xerogels 194
14.3 Structure of Functionalized Polysiloxane Xerogels 197
14.3.1 Application of Vibration Spectroscopy 197
14.3.2 Application of Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy 199
14.3.3 Application of Metal Microprobe Technique 204
14.4 Adsorption Properties of Functionalized Polysiloxane Xerogels 204
14.4.1 Some Factors Contributing to Structural-Adsorption Characteristics 204
14.4.2 Adsorption Properties of FPX 205
14.5 Conclusion 206
References 206
15 Influence of Silica Surface Modification on Fiber Formation in Filled Polypropylene--Copolyamide Mixtures 211
15.1 Introduction 211
15.2 Materials and Methods 212
15.3 Results and Discussion 213
15.4 Conclusion 220
References 220
16 Synthesis and Characterisation of Hollow Spherical Nano- and Microparticles with Silica and Magnetite 221
16.1 Introduction 221
16.2 Synthesis Methodology of Hollow Spherical Nano- and Microparticles 222
16.3 Experimental 223
16.3.1 Installation for Synthesis 223
16.3.2 Synthesis Methodology 224
16.3.3 Characterisation Methods 225
16.4 Results and Discussion 225
16.5 Conclusion 228
References 229
17 Synthesis of Silicon and Zinc Oxide Nanowhiskers and Studies of Their Properties 231
17.1 Introduction 231
17.2 Experimental Procedures 232
17.3 Experimental Results and Discussion 234
17.4 Conclusions 238
References 238
18 Sol--Gel Synthesis of Silica Glasses, Doped with Nanoparticles of Cerium Oxide 240
18.1 Introduction 240
18.2 Experimental 241
18.3 Results and Discussion 242
18.4 Conclusions 245
References 246
19 Quantum Size Effects in Multilayer Si-Ge EpitaxialHeterostructures 247
19.1 Introduction 247
19.2 Preparation of the Experimental Samples and Investigation Technique 248
19.3 Results and Discussion 249
19.4 Conclusions 255
References 256
Part IV Supramolecular Nanostructures on Surface of Silica 257
20 Designing of the Nanosized Centers for Adsorption of Mercury (II) on a Silica Surface 258
20.1 Introduction 258
20.2 Results and Discussion 259
20.3 Conclusion 267
References 268
21 Supramolecular Structures of Chitosan on the Surface of Fumed Silica 270
21.1 Introduction 270
21.2 Experimental 271
21.2.1 Material 271
21.2.2 Experimental Methods 271
21.3 Results and Discussion 272
21.4 Conclusions 278
References 278
22 Supramolecular Complex Antioxidant Consisting of Vitamins C, E and Hydrophilic--HydrophobicSilica Nanoparticles 280
22.1 Introduction 280
22.2 Experimental 281
22.3 Results and Discussion 282
22.3.1 Physicochemical Properties and Biocompatibility of Partially Hydrophobized Silica 282
22.3.2 HydrophilicHydrophobic Silica-Based Nanocomposites Containing Ascorbic Acid and -Tocopherol 284
22.3.3 Antioxidant Properties of the Nanocomposites 286
22.4 Conclusions 288
References 289
23 Physico-chemical Properties of Supramolecular Complexes of Natural Flavonoids with Biomacromolecules 291
23.1 Introduction 291
23.2 Experimental 292
23.2.1 Materials 292
23.2.2 Phase Solubility Studies 293
23.2.3 Adsorption Studies 293
23.2.4 Apparatus 293
23.3 Results and Discussion 293
23.3.1 UV--Visible Spectrophotometry 293
23.3.2 Phase Solubility Studies 294
23.3.3 Time-Dependent Absorbance Studies 296
23.3.4 Adsorption Studies 298
23.4 Conclusions 300
References 300
24 Supramolecular Complexes Formed in Systems Bile SaltBilirubinSilica 302
24.1 Introduction 302
24.2 Results and Discussion 304
24.3 Conclusion 310
References 311
25 Supramolecular Structures with Blood Plasma Proteins, Sugars and Nanosilica 312
25.1 Introduction 312
25.2 Materials and Methods 314
25.3 Interaction of Plasma Proteins with Water, Sugars and Nanosilica 315
25.4 Biocomposites with Nanosilica, BSA and Sugars 327
25.5 Conclusion 331
References 332
Part V Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructured Materials 335
26 Design and Assembly of High-Aspect-RatioSilica-Encapsulated Nanostructures for NanoelectronicsApplications 337
26.1 Introduction 337
26.2 Template-Assisted Surface SolGel Synthesis of SiO2 Nanotubes 339
26.3 SiO2-Insulated Metal Interconnects 343
26.4 Coaxially Gated In-Wire Thin Film Transistors 345
26.5 Conclusions 349
References 350
27 Physicochemical Properties and Biocompatibility of Polymer/Carbon Nanotubes Composites 354
27.1 Introduction 354
27.2 Experimental 354
27.2.1 Nanocomposite Physical and Mechanical Parameters 357
27.2.1.1 PTFE-MWNT 357
27.2.1.2 Polypropylene--MWNT 357
27.2.1.3 Rubber-MWNT 364
27.2.2 Chemical Resistance of Rubber 365
27.2.3 Nanocomposites Biocompatibility 370
27.2.3.1 Histological Study of Surrounding Tissue 370
27.2.3.2 Experiment on Knee-Joint's Replacement 372
27.2.4 AFM Samples' Study 372
27.3 Conclusions 374
References 374
28 Gas-Sensing Composite Materials Based on Graphite and Polymers 376
28.1 Introduction 376
28.2 Experimental Part 377
28.2.1 Preparation of CM 377
28.2.2 Methods of Analysis 378
28.3 Results and Discussion 379
28.3.1 Structure and Electrophysical Properties of CM 379
28.3.2 Sensor Properties of CM 381
28.4 Conclusions 387
References 388
29 Films and Disperse Materials Based on Diamond-Like and Related Structures 390
29.1 Introduction 390
29.2 Materials and Methods 391
29.3 Characteristics of Biomaterials 395
29.4 Highly Disperse and Porous Diamonds 405
29.5 Conclusion 411
References 412
Index 414