Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery (eBook)

Title Page 3
Copyright Page 4
Preface 5
Table of Contents 6
List of contributors 11
Advances 13
Detecting residual cognitive function in disorders of consciousness 14
Introduction 15
Positron emission tomography 16
Functional magnetic resonance imaging 17
Using neuroimaging to detect awareness 21
Interpretation of fMRI findings 23
Limitations of neuroimaging 24
Conclusions 25
References 25
Rationale for hypothalamus-deep brain stimulation in food intake disorders and obesity 28
Introduction 29
Central nervous system control of food intake and weight 30
Deep brain stimulation of the hypothalamus: rationale and putative hypothalamic targets 32
Lateral hypothalamus 32
Ventromedial hypothalamus 33
Experimental studies: Grenoble experience 34
Material and methods 34
Human studies 37
References 39
Gustatory and reward brain circuits in the control of food intake 42
Introduction 44
Gustation and the gustatory system: definitions 44
Orosensory gustatory input 45
Postingestive sensory processes 49
Central gustatory sensory pathways 52
Amygdala and brain reward pathways 55
Hypothalamus, brainstem and energy homeostasis 56
Novel opportunities in the management of obesity? 59
Conclusions 61
References 61
SEEG-guided RF-thermocoagulation of epileptic foci: A therapeutic alternative for drug-resistant non-operable partial epilepsies 71
Introduction 73
Technical data 75
Advantages of the technique 75
Patient’s selection 76
Placement of the lesion [20] 76
Our experience [11, 19] 78
Patients (Table 1) 78
Targets, follow-up and results 78
Choice of targets 80
Follow-up 80
Results 83
Seizure outcome (Tables 1 and 2) 83
Safety 84
Discussion 84
Conclusion 86
References 86
Child abuse – some aspects for neurosurgeons 89
Introduction 90
Definitions and epidemiology 91
Legal basis 93
Criminology of child abuse 94
Physical examination and taking the history 96
Injuries 96
Blunt force 97
Interpretation of injuries 100
Bone injuries 105
Head injuries, fractures of the skull 109
Non-accidental head injury=shaken-baby-syndrome 114
Shaken-baby-syndrome (SBS) 114
Thermal injuries 119
Injuries of the eyes 124
Differential diagnoses 124
M€unchausen syndrome by proxy 126
Lethal child abuse 129
Physical neglect 129
Taking the case history 131
Structured forensic, investigative interview with the child 132
Documentation 133
General symptoms in cases of child abuse 133
Proceeding in cases of suspected child abuse 134
Child protection team 135
Clinical pathway 136
Definition of Clinical Pathway 136
Bonn child protection team clinical pathway for suspected child abuse 140
References 140
Technical standards 146
Prophylactic antibiotics and anticonvulsants in neurosurgery 147
Introduction 148
Antibiotic prophylaxis 150
Antibiotics for craniotomies 150
Antibiotics for spinal surgeries 150
Antibiotics for basilar skull fractures 151
Background 151
Clinical material and methods 151
Results 154
Non-RCTs that have been systematically reviewed 157
Discussion 158
Conclusions 159
Antibiotics for cerebrospinal fluid shunts 159
Background 159
Clinical material and methods 160
Results 161
Discussion 174
Conclusions 175
Anticonvulsant prophylaxis 176
Anticonvulsants for subarachnoid hemorrhages 176
Anticonvulsants for acute traumatic brain injuries 176
Anticonvulsants for chronic subdural hematomas 177
Background 177
Clinical material and methods 177
Results 178
Discussion 178
Conclusions 179
Anticonvulsants for brain tumors 180
Background 180
Clinical material and methods 180
Results 181
Discussion 185
Conclusions 186
Commentaries 186
References 186
The dural sheath of the optic nerve: descriptive anatomy and surgical applications 194
Introduction 195
Embryology 195
The interperiosteodural concept 197
Intracranial segment 198
Intracanalicular segment 198
Relations with bony structures 198
Meningeal relations 201
Intraorbital segment 202
Conclusion 204
References 205
Surgical indications and techniques for failed coiled aneurysms 206
Introduction 207
Experience of our group 209
Our population and illustrative cases 215
Our classification of FCA and its lessons 220
Experiences of other teams 224
Conclusions 229
References 229
Author index volume 1–36 234
Subject index volume 1–36 247