Ultrasound Diagnostics of Thyroid Diseases (eBook)

Prof. Vladimir P. Kharchenko is Director of the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen-Radiology and also Head of the Departments of Oncology and Radiology at the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. He earned his PhD at the Moscow Scientific Research Institute of Oncology in 1966, and was subsequently appointed as Chief Scientific Officer and then Head of the surgical clinic at the Moscow Scientific Research Institute of Roentgen-Radiology in 1976. He became a USSR State Prize Winner in 1988, an honoured worker of science of Russia in 1994, and an academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences in 2000. Prof. Peter M. Kotlyarov is currently Head of the Diagnostic Department at the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgen-Radiology. Prof. Kotlyarov completed his thesis at the Institute of Medical Radiology, Obninsk, Russia. He subsequently became Chief Scientific Officer at the Moscow Scientific Research Institute of Roentgen-Radiology (from 1975 to 1982) and at the Cardiology Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (from 1982 to 1985). From 1985 to 1997 he was Head of the Department of Radiology at Hospital 83 and of the Department of Roentgenology and Ultrasonography at the Institute of Postgraduate Education, Moscow. Dr. Mikhail S. Mogutov is Head of the Railway Clinic and Assistant Chair of Yaroslavl Medical Academy, Russia. He did his thesis at the Medical Academy in Yaroslavl in 1999. Dr. Mogutov has been a specialist in ultrasound diagnostics since 1985 and has focused especially on the pathology of the endocrine system and emergency pathology of the abdominal cavity. He was Head of the Departments of Ultrasound Diagnostics of Hospitals No. 9 and No. 5 from 1992 to 2003. He was Head of the Yaroslavl branch of the Russian Association of Ultrasound in Medicine from 1996 to 2003. He has been a member of the European Association of Radiologists since 1997. Dr. Alexander N. Sencha is Head of the Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics at the Railway Clinic, Yaroslavl, Russia, and has also been Chief Specialist in Ultrasound Diagnostics at the Medical Department of the Northern Railway since 2005. He commenced work as a radiologist in 1993, focusing on early and differential diagnosis in oncology and thyroid pathologies. He earned his PhD in 2001. He has been a member of the Russian Society of Specialists in Ultrasound Diagnostics in Medicine since 1999, the European Society of Radiologists since 2005, and the Asian Society of Specialists in Ultrasound Diagnostics since 2007. Prof. Yury K. Alexandrov is Head of the Department of Surgery at Yaroslavl Medical Academy, Russia, and Head of the Center of Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery at Yaroslavl Railway Clinic. He earned his PhD in 1997 in Moscow in the field of early diagnosis of diseases of the thyroid gland and use of minimally invasive procedures in nodular goiter. In 2004 he was awarded the diploma for his great contribution to the development of endocrine surgery in Russia, and he has received the Governor’s award twice. His current work focuses particularly on the possibilities of radiology in the diagnosis of endocrine pathology, minimally invasive endocrine surgery, and use of lasers in medicine. Dr. Yury N. Patrunov has been a radiologist at the Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Railway Clinic, Yaroslavl, Russia since 1999 and earned his PhD in 2000. His work has focused on endocrine ultrasound and minimally invasive modalities. In 2003-2007 he was Assistant Chair of the Course on Ultrasound Diagnostics at the Faculty of Postgraduate Education, Yaroslavl Medical Academy. Since 2006 he has been a consultant of the Department of Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery of Yaroslavl Railway Clinic. He has been a member of the European Society of Radiologists since 2005. He received the Governor’s award for excellence in research and technology in 2008. Dr. Dennis V. Belyaev has been a radiologist at the Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Railway Clinic, Yaroslavl, Russia since 2001. His principal area of interest is ultrasound diagnosis of vascular and skeletal pathology. He earned his PhD in 2004. He has been a member of the Russian Society of Specialists of Ultrasound Diagnostics in Medicine since 2001.

Ultrasound Diagnostics of Thyroid Diseases 2
Copyright page 3
Preface 4
Acknowledgements 5
Contents 6
Abbreviations 8
1 Diagnosing Thyroid Pathology with Radiological Methods 10
2 Complex Ultrasound Diagnosis of Thyroid Diseases 28
2.1 Ultrasound Modalities 28
2.2 Technology Used in Ultrasound Examinations of the Thyroid Gland 37
2.3 Basic Mistakes in Thyroid Ultrasound 41
3 Ultrasound Examination of the Thyroid Gland in Children 43
3.1 Congenital Anomalies of the Thyroid 47
3.2 Diffuse Thyroid Diseases in Children 50
4 Normal Thyroid 54
5 Diffuse Changes of the Thyroid Gland 63
5.1 Diffuse Hyperplasia 63
5.2 Thyroiditis 67
5.2.1 Acute Thyroiditis 67
5.2.2 Subacute Thyroiditis 70
5.2.3 Autoimmune Thyroiditis 73
5.2.4 Graves’ Disease 77
6 Thyroid Lesions 90
6.1 Colloid Goiter 91
6.2 Cysts 97
6.3 Adenomas 107
6.4 Thyroid Cancer 117
7 Ultrasound Examination After Thyroid Surgery 131
8 Recurrent Thyroid Lesions 137
9 Ultrasound Examination of Regional Lymph Nodes 143
10 Substernal Goiter 158
11 Ultrasound of the Parathyroid Glands 163
11.1 Normal Parathyroid 165
11.2 Parathyroid Adenoma 168
11.3 Parathyroid Cancer 172
11.4 Parathyroid Hyperplasia 173
11.5 Parathyroid Cyst 173
12 Ultrasound Diagnostics of Neck Masses 177
13 Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy 186
14 Diagnostic Algorithms in Thyroid Pathology 194
15 Ultrasound Aspects of Minimally Invasive Procedures on the Thyroid Gland 196
15.1 US-Guided Percutaneous Glucocorticoid Administration 197
15.2 Percutaneous Ethanol Injections 199
15.3 Percutaneous Laser Ablation 212
15.4 Radiofrequency Ablation 226
15.5 Conclusion 230
References 232
Index 241