The Human Brain (eBook)

Dr. Miguel Marín-Padilla is Professor Emeritus of Pathology and of Pediatrics at Dartmouth Medical School (Hanover, New Hampshire, USA). He obtained his Medical Degree in Spain (Granada University, 1955), practice Pediatrics for one year but interested in pediatric research immigrate to USA (1956). In USA, he completed Clinical Internship and several years of Pathology Residencies (Mallory Institute of Pathology, Boston), with emphasis in both Developmental and Pediatric Pathology (1957-1961) and was Teaching Fellow in Pathology in both Boston and Harvard Medical Schools (1960-62). He pursued an Academic Career, from Instructor to full Professor in both Pathology and Pediatrics at Dartmouth Medical School (1962-2000). He did a Special Neurohistology Fellowships at the Cajal Institute (Madrid) to study Cajal old Golgi preparations and learn the method (1966-67) and was Visiting Neuroscientist at University of Alcalá de Henares (Spain, 1994) and at the Mayo Clinic (1999). His research efforts has resulted in 180 publications, including abstracts, peer review papers, collaborative works, chapters in books and books. His developmental studies are recognized the world over and he has received various honors for his teaching and for his research efforts, the most notable are:Alpha Omega Alpha (USA Honor Medical Society, 1981); Best teacher award (1988,1996) and Faculty Speaker at Commencements (1985, 1991) at Dartmouth Medical School; Cajal Medal (USA Cajal Club, 1990); Gold Medal ‘Aureliano Maestre de San Juan’ of the University of Granada (1997), Honor Member of the Spanish Neurology (1987) and Pediatric Neurology Societies (2000), The Jacod Javist Neuroscience Investigator Award (USA, 1989), Honor Member of the Royal Academy of Medicine (Murcia, 2001), the Gold Medal of the Community of Murcia (2001) and has been a Candidate to the Principe de Asturias in Sciences (2002), “The Miguel Marín-Padilla Award, Excellence in Pathology”. Annual Lectureship and Award. Dartmouth Medical School (2006). His research has been supported by Grants of the U.S. National Institute of Health from 1962 to 1999.

The Human Brain 2
Dedication 4
Preface 5
Contents 9
1: Introduction 11
References 14
2: Mammalian Cerebral Cortex: Embryonic Development and Cytoarchitecture 15
References 20
3: Human Motor Cortex: Development and Cytoarchitecture 21
3.1 Seven-Week-Old Stage 24
3.2 Eleven-Week-Old Stage 26
3.3 Fifteen-Week-Old Stage 28
3.4 Twenty-Week-Old Stage 35
3.5 Thirty-Week-Old Stage 36
3.6 Thirty-Five-Week-Old Stage 37
3.7 Forty-Week-Old (Newborn) Stage 39
References 43
4: The Mammalian Pyramidal Neuron: Development, Structure, and Function 45
4.1 Developmental Features 45
4.2 Morphological Features 48
4.3 Functional Features 49
4.4 Ascending Functional Maturation 53
4.5 Descending Function 55
References 57
5: Human Motor Cortex First Lamina: Development and Cytoarchitecture 59
5.1 First Lamina Principal Components 63
5.2 Cajal–Retzius Cell Unique Morphology 65
5.3 First Lamina Secondary Components 72
References 74
6: Human Motor Cortex Excitatory–Inhibitory Neuronal Systems: Development and Cytoarchitecture 75
6.1 The Pyramidal-Basket System 76
6.2 The Pyramidal-Martinotti System 83
6.3 The Pyramidal-Double-Bouquet System 85
6.4 The Pyramidal-Chandelier System 87
References 92
7: Human Cerebral Cortex Intrinsic Microvascular System: Development and Cytoarchitecture 94
References 107
8: Human Motor Cortex First Lamina and Gray Matter Special Astrocytes: Development and Cytoarchitecture 109
8.1 First Lamina Special Astrocytes 112
8.2 Grey Matter Protoplasmic Astrocytes 112
References 118
9: New Developmental Cytoarchitectonic Theory and Nomenclature 120
References 126
10: Epilogue 128
References 129
11: Cat Motor Cortex: Development and Cytoarchitecture 131
11.1 Cat 25-Day-Old Stage 131
11.2 Cat 30-Day-Old Stage 131
11.3 Cat 35-Day-Old Stage 133
11.4 Cat 40-Day-Old Stage 134
11.5 Cat 45-Day-Old Stage 135
11.6 Cat 50-Day-Old Stage 136
11.7 Cat 55-Day-Old Stage 137
11.8 Newborn Cat Motor Cortex 138
References 142
12: The Rapid Golgi Reaction: A Personal Quest 143
References 148
Index 149
About The Author 150