Glaucoma Book (eBook)

Dr. Paul N. Schacknow Visual Health Center 2889 10th Avenue, N. Palm Springs, FL 33461 USA Dr. John R. Samples Oregon Health & Sciences University Casey Eye Institute Department of Ophthalmology 3375 SW, Terwilliger Blvd. Portland OR 97201-4197 USA

Foreword 6
Preface 7
Contents 9
Sidebars 15
Contributors 18
The Basics 30
Glaucoma in the Twenty-First Century 31
An Evidence-Based Approach to Glaucoma Care 50
Glaucoma Risk Factors: Intraocular Pressure 62
Glaucoma Risk Factors: Fluctuations in Intraocular Pressure 78
Glaucoma is a 24/7 Disease 82
Continuous Monitoring of Intraocular Pressure 85
Aqueous Veins and Open Angle Glaucoma 91
Glaucoma Risk Factors: The Cornea 105
Glaucoma Risk Factors: Family History – The Genetics of Glaucoma 117
Glaucoma Risk Factors: Ethnicity and Glaucoma 127
Glaucoma Risk Factors: Ocular Blood Flow 136
Glaucoma Risk Factors: Sleep Apnea and Glaucoma 160
Evaluating Ophthalmic Literature 163
Indications for Therapy 179
The Examination 190
Clinical Examination of the Optic Nerve 191
Clinical Cupping: Laminar and Prelaminar Components 207
Disc Hemorrhages and Glaucoma 217
Some Lessons from the Disc Appearance in the Open Angle Glaucomas 221
Evaluating the Optic Nerve for Glaucomatous Progression 225
Digital Imaging of the Optic Nerve 230
Clinical Utility of Computerized Optic Nerve Analysis 240
Photography of the Optic Nerve 243
Detecting Functional Changes in the Patient’s Vision: Visual Field Analysis 249
Using Electroretinography for Glaucoma Diagnosis 284
Glaucomatous Versus Nonglaucomatous Visual Loss: The Neuro- Ophthalmic Perspective 287
Gonioscopy 301
Beyond Gonioscopy: Digital Imaging of the Anterior Segment 310
Office Examination of the Glaucoma Patient 318
Glaucoma and Driving 355
Electronic Medical Records in the Glaucoma Practice 358
Advanced Glaucoma and Low Vision: Evaluation and Treatment 365
Glaucoma and Medical Insurance: Billing and Coding Issues 396
Medical Legal Considerations When Treating Glaucoma Patients 403
Part III 409
The Glaucomas 409
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma 410
Normal Pressure Glaucoma 431
Primary and Secondary Angle-Closure Glaucomas 470
Malignant Glaucoma (Posterior Aqueous Diversion Syndrome) 497
Pigmentary Dispersion Syndrome and Glaucoma 506
Exfoliation Syndrome and Glaucoma 513
Neovascular Glaucoma 523
Inflammatory Disease and Glaucoma 532
Posner–Schlossman Syndrome 542
Fuchs’ Uveitis Syndrome and Glaucoma 544
Herpes Simplex Related Glaucoma 549
Herpes Zoster Related Glaucoma 553
Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome and Glaucoma 556
Ghost Cell Glaucoma 558
Fuchs’ Endothelial Dystrophy and Glaucoma 560
Ocular Trauma and Glaucoma 563
Infantile, Childhood, and Juvenile Glaucomas 568
The Medical Treatment 581
Medications Used to Treat Glaucoma 582
Choosing Adjunctive Glaucoma Therapy 628
Monocular Drug Trials for Glaucoma Therapy in the Community Setting 641
Neuroprotection of Retinal Ganglion Cells 645
Compliance and Adherence: Lifelong Therapy for Glaucoma 649
Alternative and Non-traditional Treatments of Glaucoma 655
Intravitreal Steroids and Glaucoma 668
Pregnancy and Glaucoma 670
Systemic Side Effects of Glaucoma Medications 674
Systemic Diseases and Glaucoma 686
The Surgical Treatment 707
Laser Therapies: Iridotomy, Iridoplasty, and Trabeculoplasty 708
Laser Iridoplasty Techniques for Narrow Angles and Plateau Iris Syndrome 735
Laser Therapies: Cyclodestructive Procedures 742
Laser Therapies: Newer Technologies 746
Incisional Therapies: Trabeculectomy Surgery 758
Incisional Therapies: Trabeculotomy Surgery in Adults 781
Incisional Therapies: Canaloplasty and New Implant Devices 787
Incisional Therapies: Shunts and Valved Implants 805
Incisional Therapies: What’s on the Horizon? 823
Incisional Therapies: Complications of Glaucoma Surgery 833
Amniotic Membrane Grafts for Glaucoma Surgery 852
Treating Choroidal Effusions After Glaucoma Surgery 858
Cyclodialysis Clefts: Surgical and Traumatic 861
Epithelial Downgrowth 866
Penetrating Keratoplasty and Glaucoma 872
Descemet’s Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty ( DSEK) and Glaucoma 874
Cataract and Glaucoma Surgery 878
Cataract Extraction as Treatment for Acute and Chronic Angle Closure Glaucomas 893
Refractive Surgery and Glaucoma 901
Glaucoma after Retinal Surgery 904
The Future 909
Immunology and Glaucoma 910
How the Revolution in Cell Biology Will Affect Glaucoma: Biomarkers 917
CD44 and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma 923
Stem Cells and Glaucoma 936
Cytoskeletal Active Agents for Glaucoma Therapy 938
The Drug Discovery Process: How Do New Glaucoma Medications Come to Market? 943
Glaucoma Clinical Research in the Community Setting 958
Future Glaucoma Medical Therapies: What’s in the Pipeline? 963
Anecortave Acetate: A New Approach for the Medical Treatment of Glaucoma 968
Future Glaucoma Instrumentation: Diagnostic and Therapeutic 973
What Really Causes Glaucoma? 988
The Glaucoma Book: What Do We Know Now, What Do We Need to Know About Glaucoma? 992
Index 999