Basic Radiation Oncology (eBook)

Dedication 5
Foreword 6
Preface 7
Acknowledgments 8
Contents 9
Introduction and History 17
Radiation Physics 20
1.1 Atom 20
1.2 Radiation 22
1.3 Ionizing Radiation 23
1.4 The Interaction of Radiation with Matter 31
1.5 Specific Features of X-Rays 38
1.6 Specific Features of Electron Energies 40
1.7 Ionizing Radiation Units 40
1.8 Radiotherapy Generators 43
1.9 Measurement of Ionizing Radiation 52
1.10 Radiation Dosimetry 57
1.11 Beam Modifiers 76
1.12 Pearl Boxes 83
References 87
Radiobiology 90
2.1 Cell Biology and Carcinogenesis 90
2.2 Cellular Effects of Radiation 102
2.3 Factors Modifying the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation 107
2.4 Target Tissue Characteristics 109
2.5 Target Theory 113
2.6 Cell Survival Curves 114
2.7 Tissue and Organ Response to Radiation 130
2.8 Stochastic and Deterministic Effects 136
2.9 Tumor Response to Radiation 137
2.10 The Five R’s of Radiotherapy 144
2.11 Fractionation 151
2.12 Radiation Protection 153
2.13 Pearl Boxes 155
References 160
Clinical Radiation Oncology 164
3.1 Introduction 164
3.2 The Radiotherapy Procedure 169
References 192
Central Nervous System Tumors 193
4.1 Anatomy 194
4.2 General Presentation and Pathology 196
4.3 Staging 203
4.4 Treatment Algorithm 204
4.5 Radiotherapy 207
4.6 Selected Publications 215
4.7 Pearl Boxes 219
References 220
Head and Neck Cancers 222
5.1 Pharyngeal Cancers 229
5.2 Laryngeal Cancer 256
5.3 Oral Cavity Cancers 266
5.4 Sinonasal Cancers 274
5.5 Major Salivary Gland Tumors 287
5.6 Thyroid Cancer 296
5.7 Radiotherapy in Unknown Primary Head–Neck Cancers 307
5.8 Selected Publications for Head and Neck Cancers 308
5.9 Pearl Boxes 311
References 316
Lung Cancer 319
6.1 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) 320
6.2 Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) 339
References 343
Breast Cancer 345
7.1 Pathology 346
7.2 General Presentation 350
7.3 Staging 351
7.4 Treatment Algorithm 356
7.5 Radiotherapy 358
7.6 Selected Publications 366
References 377
Genitourinary System Cancers 378
8.1 Prostate Cancer 378
8.2 Testicular Cancer 400
8.3 Bladder Cancer 412
References 424
Gynecological Cancers 426
9.1 Cervical Cancer 426
9.2 Endometrial Cancer 447
9.3 Vaginal Cancer 460
References 468
Gastrointestinal System Cancers 470
10.1 Esophageal Cancer 470
10.2 Gastric Cancer 482
10.3 Pancreatic Cancer 491
10.4 Rectal Cancer 500
10.5 Anal Cancer 509
References 518
Soft Tissue Sarcoma 520
11.1 Pathology 520
11.2 General Presentation 523
11.3 Staging 524
11.4 Treatment Algorithm 526
11.5 Radiotherapy 527
11.6 Selected Publications 529
References 531
Skin Cancer 533
12.1 Pathology/General Presentation 534
12.2 Staging 536
12.3 Treatment Algorithm 539
12.4 Radiotherapy 540
12.5 Selected Publications 541
References 543
Lymphomas and Total Body Irradiation 544
13.1 Hodgkin’s Lymphoma 544
13.2 Selected Publications 559
13.3 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 563
13.4 Cutaneous Lymphoma 570
13.5 Total Body Irradiation ( TBI) 574
References 580
Index 583