Cardiovascular MRI in Congenital Heart Disease (eBook)

Preface 5
Contents 6
Chapter 1 170
Technical Considerations 7
Paediatric Challenges 7
1. Spatial Resolution 7
2. Appropriate Coil Selection 7
3. Faster Heart Rates 7
4. Strategies to Reduce Motion Artefact 7
5. Contrast Administration in Children 7
6. Consider Alternative Imaging Strategies 7
Chapter 2 8
MR Imaging Under GA 8
Indications for General Anaesthesia (GA) for Paediatric MR 8
General Safety Issues Specific to Paediatric Cardiac Imaging 8
Environmental and Physical Constraints 8
Technical Factors Specific to MR in Infants and Small Children 8
Chapter 3 9
Imaging Protocol 9
Chapter 4 12
Normal Anatomy-Axial 12
Chapter 5 14
Normal Anatomy-Coronal 14
Chapter 6 16
Normal Anatomy-Sagittal 16
Chapter 7 18
Image Planes-Ventricles 18
Chapter 8 20
Imaging Planes-Left Ventricular Outflow Tract 20
Chapter 9 22
Imaging Planes-Right Ventricular Outflow Tract 22
Chapter 10a 24
Imaging Planes-Branch PAs 24
Chapter 10b 25
Imaging Planes-Thoracic Aorta 25
Chapter 11a 26
Imaging Planes-Tricuspid Valve 26
Chapter 11b 27
Imaging Planes-Mitral Valve 27
Chapter 12 28
Imaging Planes-Coronary Arteries 28
Chapter 13 30
Atrial Septal Defect 30
Chapter 14 32
Sinus Venosus Defect 32
Chapter 15 34
Atrioventricular Septal Defect 34
Chapter 16 38
Ventricular Septal Defect 38
Chapter 17 42
Aortic Valve Stenosis 42
Chapter 18 46
Aortic Valve Incompetence 46
Chapter 19 48
Coarctation of the Aorta 48
Chapter 20 52
Repaired Coarctation of the Aorta: Complications 52
Chapter 21 54
Interrupted Aortic Arch 54
Chapter 22 56
Aortic Vascular Rings 56
Chapter 23 60
Left Pulmonary Artery Sling 60
Chapter 24 62
Marfan Syndrome 62
Chapter 25 64
Williams Syndrome 64
Chapter 26 68
Mitral Stenosis 68
Chapter 27 70
Mitral Regurgitation 70
Chapter 28 72
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 72
Chapter 29 76
Dilated Cardiomypathy 76
Chapter 30 78
Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy 78
Chapter 31 80
Tetralogy of Fallot 80
Chapter 32 84
Tetralogy of Fallot: Repaired 84
Chapter 33 90
Pulmonary Stenosis 90
Chapter 34 92
Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation 92
Chapter 35 96
Pulmonary Atresia and VSD 96
Chapter 36 98
Transposition of the Great Arteries: Arterial Switch Operation 98
Chapter 37 102
Transposition of the Great Arteries: Senning and Mustard Repair 102
Chapter 38 106
TGA with VSD and PS 106
Chapter 39 110
Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries 110
Chapter 40 114
Common Arterial Trunk 114
Chapter 41 118
Double Outlet Right Ventricle 118
Chapter 42 122
Double Inlet Left Ventricle 122
Chapter 43 124
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Norwood Stage 1 124
Chapter 44 128
Bi-directional Cavo-pulmonary (Glenn) shunt 128
Chapter 45 132
Fontan-Type Circulation (Tricuspid Atresia) 132
Chapter 46 136
Total Cavo-pulmonary Connection 136
Chapter 47 140
Anomalous Coronary Arteries 140
Chapter 48 144
Anomalous Left Coronary Artery from Pulmonary Artery 144
Chapter 49 146
Kawasaki Disease 146
Chapter 50 150
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage 150
Chapter 51 152
Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage 152
Chapter 52 156
Ebstein’s Anomaly 156
Uhls anomaly – not to be confused 158
Chapter 53 160
Right Isomerism 160
Chapter 54 164
Left Isomerism 164
Chapter 55 168
List of Abbreviations 168
Abbreviations 168
Chapter 56 170
Further reading 170