Dental Hard Tissues and Bonding (eBook)

Contents 5
List of Contributors 11
Part I Bonding to Enamel 13
1 
14 
Introduction 
14 
The Enamel Smear Layer: A Potential Problem in Bonding to Cut Enamel 17
Application of Total-Etch Adhesives to Enamel 
19 
Application of Self-Etch Adhesives/Resin Cement to Enamel 
25 
Interaction of Glass Ionomer-Based Materials with Enamel 
34 
Conclusion 
37 
References 
38 
2 
45 
Introduction 
45 
Primary Enamel 
45 
Enamel Cleaning 
46 
Enamel Conditioning 
47 
Clinical Results 
57 
References 
58 
3 
62 
Introduction 
62 
Measurement of Bond Strength 
62 
Experimental Models for Evaluating Bond Strength 
65 
Variables Affecting In Vitro Bond Strength 
66 
Bonding to Enamel: In Vivo Studies 
74 
References 
76 
4 
79 
Introduction 
79 
Approaches in Assessing the Efficiency of Orthodontic Adhesives Systems 80
Wet-Enamel Adhesives 
84 
Effect of Water and Contaminants on Orthodontic Adhesive Resins 88
References 
91 
Part II Bonding to Dentine 94
5 
95 
Introduction 
95 
Dentin Substrate: Smear Layer 
96 
Interfaces and Hybridization 
106 
References 
122 
6 
129 
Introduction 
129 
Potential Clinical Consequences of Shrinkage Phenomena 
129 
Clinical Management of Shrinkage Phenomena 
131 
Light Sources for Photo-Polymerisation of Dental Biomaterials 
131 
Further Variables with Light Sources 
134 
Radiometry: Irradiance (Radiant Incidence and Radiant Exitance) and Total Energy Concept 134
Light Penetration into and Through Oral Biomaterials 
135 
Photo-Initiators for Free-Radical and Cationic Polymerisation 
137 
Camphorquinone 
138 
1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione 
139 
Photon Numbers and Photo-Initiation 
140 
Extent of Polymerisation 
141 
Thermal and Spectroscopic Probes 
141 
Development of Mechanical Properties 
143 
General Polymerisation Mechanism for Light-Activated Monomers 143
Steady-State Hypotheses 
144 
Polymerisation Kinetics of Light-Activated Resin Composites 
144 
Rate of Polymerisation 
145 
Normal Termination Model 
145 
Auto-Acceleration 
146 
Definitions of Polymerisation Shrinkage Phenomena 
147 
Generation of Stresses in Different Cavity Configurations (C-Factor) 148
Measurement of Shrinkage Strain 
149 
Kinetics of Shrinkage Strain 
150 
and Shrinkage Strain 
151 
Relationship Between 151
Theoretical Relationship Between Conversion and Shrinkage Strain 151
Experimental Correlations between 152
and Shrinkage-Strain Magnitudes 152
Network Variables Beyond 153
Measurement of Shrinkage-Stress Kinetics 
153 
Scientific Management of Shrinkage Phenomena 
154 
Conclusion 
155 
References 
155 
7 
161 
Introduction 
161 
Luting Cements 
162 
Bonding to Tooth Structure 
165 
Bonding to Ceramic 
167 
Bonding to Pre-Processed Composite Restorations 
171 
Biological Considerations 
172 
Mechanical Considerations 
172 
Esthetic Considerations 
174 
Value of the Bond Strength Test 
175 
References 
176 
Part III Bonding to Cementum 180
8 
181 
Introduction 
181 
Developmental and Structural Aspects 182
Biochemistry of Mature Cementum 
186 
Cementum in Health and Disease 
187 
Strategies for Bonding to Root Dental Structures 
190 
References 
194 
Subject Index 198