Endobronchial Ultrasound (eBook)

Preface 5
Contents 6
Contributors 7
Physics and Principles of Ultrasound Imaging 8
1. The Physics of Ultrasound 8
2. Basic Instrumentation 15
3. Important Ultrasound Artifacts 16
4. Summary 17
Relevant Thoracic Anatomy 19
1. Central Airway Anatomy 19
2. Upper Airway 19
3. Trachea 21
4. Main Carina 23
5. Right Bronchial Tree 24
6. Left Bronchial Tree 28
7. Summary 30
Basic Principles of TBNA 31
1. Indications 32
2. TBNA Technique 37
3. Training/ Competency Requirements 42
4. Predictors of Positive TBNA 43
5. Image Guidance 43
6. Needle Specifications 44
7. Specimen Preparation 45
8. Complications 46
Conclusion 47
Staging Principles in Lung Cancer 50
1. History 51
2. Proposed Revisions to the 7th Edition of the TNM Classification for Lung Cancer 54
Technique, Anatomy and Application of Radial Ultrasound 65
1. Development of Miniprobe Systems 65
2. Handling of Miniprobes 67
3. Technique of EBUS with the Miniature Probe 68
4. Imaging Artifacts 69
5. EBUS in Therapeutic Bronchoscopy 83
6. EBUS in Pediatric Bronchoscopy 83
7. Training and Learning Curve for EBUS 85
8. Future Prospects 88
Endobronchial Ultrasound in Therapeutic Bronchoscopy 92
1. Radial EBUS for Early Cancer Staging 93
2. Radial EBUS for Interventional Bronchoscopy 97
3. Radial EBUS for Staging 100
Summary 102
Endobronchial Ultrasound for Peripheral Lesions 105
1. Solitary Pulmonary Nodule 105
2. Transbronchial Biopsy Under Fluoroscopic Guidance 106
3. Endobronchial Ultrasound for Peripheral Lesions 106
4. Combination of Ultrasound with other Guidance Techniques 116
EBUS-TBNA Bronchoscopy 120
1. History 122
2. Instrument 123
3. Anatomic Considerations 127
4. Procedural Technique 128
5. Indications 136
6. Lymph Node Staging by EBUS-TBNA 137
7. EBUS-TBNA for the Diagnosis of Lung Tumors 139
8. EBUS-TBNA for the Diagnosis of Mediastinal Tumors 140
9. Complications 141
Conclusion 142
Comparing EUS and EBUS-Guided Needle Aspirations 146
Ultrasound as a Therapeutic Instrument 153
1. Endobronchial Ultrasound ( EBUS) 154
2. EBUS AND EUS in Lung Cancer Management 156
3. Endoscopic Ultrasound ( EUS FNA) 157
4. Endobronchial Ultrasound Transbronchial Fine Needle Aspiration ( EBUS TBNA) 158
5. EBUS TBNA Combined with EUS FNA in Exploration of the Mediastinum 160
Index 164