Designing Inclusive Futures (eBook)

X Preface 5
Contents 7
Part I Understanding Users 7
Part II Inclusive Design 8
Part III Computer Access and New Technologies 8
Part IV Assistive Technology 9
Part V Inclusive Environments 9
List of Contributors 11
Part I Understanding Users 15
Chapter 1 Converting Disability Data into a Format Suitable for Estimating Design Exclusion 16
1.1 Introduction 16
1.2 Introduction to the Disability Follow-up Survey 17
1.3 Constructing Graphs of Demand and Exclusion 18
1.4 Using the Graphs to Measure Exclusion 23
1.5 Conclusions and Further Work 24
1.6 References 25
Chapter 2 Using Constraints in the Understanding of the Interactions Between Products and Humans 28
2.1 Introduction 28
2.2 Modelling User-product Interaction 29
2.3 Constraint Modelling 29
2.4 Human Modelling Using Constraints 30
2.5 Predicting Postures Using Constraints 32
2.6 Modelling the User-wheelchair Interaction for Improved Design 33
2.7 Modelling to Improve Designs 34
2.8 Conclusions 34
2.9 Acknowledgments 35
2.10 References 35
Chapter 3 User Involvement and User Data: A Framework to Help Designers to Select Appropriate Methods 36
3.1 Introduction 36
3.2 Methodology 38
3.3 The Framework 40
3.4 Populating the Framework 44
3.5 Overarching Issues 44
3.6 Conclusions and Further Work 45
3.7 References 46
Chapter 4 Engaging the Ageing: Designing Artefacts to Provoke Dialogue 48
4.1 Introduction 48
4.2 Inclusivity 48
4.3 Research by Designing 49
4.4 Designing for an Ageing Population 50
4.5 Case Study: Living Rooms 50
4.6 Conclusions 56
4.7 References 56
Chapter 5 Biomechanical Analysis of Opening Glass Jars: Using Kinematics 58
5.1 Introduction 58
5.2 Methodology 60
5.3 Conclusions 64
5.4 Acknowledgments 65
5.5 References 65
Chapter 6 Building a Consumer Network to Engage Users with Disabilities 68
6.1 Introduction and Objectives 68
6.2 Design and Operation of the CCN 69
6.3 Recruitment and Demographics 70
6.4 Status and Usage of the CCN 72
6.5 Known Issues and Plans for the Future 73
6.6 Conclusion 74
6.7 References 75
Part II Inclusive Design 76
Chapter 7 Help or Hindrance: The Use of Tools for Opening Packaging 78
7.1 Introduction 78
7.2 Previous Work 79
7.3 Aims and Objectives 80
7.4 Apparatus and Method 80
7.5 Results 83
7.6 Conclusions 86
7.7 References 87
Chapter 8 The Sound of Inclusion: A Case Study on Acoustic Comfort for All 88
8.1 Introduction 88
8.2 Context, Aim and Methodology 89
8.3 Findings 91
8.4 Summary and Lessons Learned 95
8.5 Acknowledgements 96
8.6 References 96
Chapter 9 Designing an Inclusive Pill Dispenser 98
9.1 User Needs 98
9.2 Design Process 101
9.3 User Testing and Evaluation 106
9.4 Discussion and Conclusions 107
9.5 References 107
Chapter 10 Prior Experience of Domestic Microwave Cooker Interfaces: A User Study 108
10.1 Introduction 108
10.2 Background 110
10.3 Method 111
10.4 Results and Analysis 114
10.5 Discussion 117
10.6 Conclusions 118
10.7 References 119
Chapter 11 Prior Experience and Intuitive Use: Image Schemas in User Centred Design 120
11.1 Inclusive Design and Intuitive Use 120
11.2 Image Schema Theory 122
11.3 Image Schemas in User-Centred Design 123
11.4 Image Schemas for Inclusive Design 128
11.5 References 129
Chapter 12 Sustaining Autonomous Living for Older People Through Inclusive Strategies for Home Appliance Design 130
12.1 An Opportunity for Design 130
12.2 Understanding Needs to Clarify Design Opportunities 131
12.3 Product Development Strategy 134
12.4 Designing for Interaction 137
12.5 Key Findings 139
12.6 References 139
Part III Computer Access and New Technologies 140
Chapter 13 Investigating the Security-related Challenges of Blind Users on the Web 142
13.1 Introduction 142
13.2 Literature Review 142
13.3 Requirements Gathering Through Focus Group 144
13.4 New Form of CAPTCHAs 145
13.5 Usability Testing 146
13.6 Discussions 148
13.7 Summary 150
13.8 Acknowledgements 150
13.9 References 151
Chapter 14 Access Barriers to Wireless Technologies for People with Disabilities: Issues, Opportunities and Policy Options 152
14.1 Introduction 152
14.2 Policy Research and the Policy Change Process 153
14.3 Methodology 153
14.4 Overall Results 154
14.5 Findings and Outcomes 159
14.6 Acknowledgments 160
14.7 References 160
Chapter 15 Gaze Interaction with Virtual On-line Communities 162
15.1 Introduction 162
15.2 Who Do I Wish to Virtually Be? 163
15.3 Interaction in Second Life 165
15.4 An Experiment with Gaze Interaction in a Virtual World 168
15.5 Conclusions and the Future 173
15.6 References 174
Chapter 16 The Resolution Race: Perpetuating Inaccessible Computing 176
16.1 Introduction 176
16.2 The Resolution Race 176
16.3 Human Vision 177
16.4 Resolution-dependence Problem 180
16.5 Resolution-independent Interfaces 183
16.6 Conclusion 183
16.7 References 184
Part IV Assistive Technology 186
Chapter 17 A Case Study of Simulating HCI for Special Needs 188
17.1 Introduction 188
17.2 A Case Study 191
17.3 Conclusions 196
17.4 References 196
Chapter 18 User- led Design of Technology to Improve Quality of Life for People with Dementia 198
18.1. Introduction 198
18.2 Music Player 200
18.3 Window on the World 203
18.4 Conversation Prompter 204
18.5 Sequence Support 205
18.6 Conclusions 206
18.7 Acknowledgements 207
18.8 References 207
Chapter 19 Photonote: The Making of a Classroom Adaptation System 210
19.1 Introduction 210
19.2 Related Work 210
19.3 Existing Solutions 211
19.4 Designing Photonote 212
19.5 Evaluation 215
19.6 Conclusion 218
19.7 References 219
Chapter 20 FES Indoor Rowing and On-water Sculling 220
20.1 Introduction 220
20.2 FES-rowing Technology 221
20.3 Discussion 226
20.4 Acknowledgements 227
20.5 References 227
Chapter 21 Universal Access to Shopping: Apparel Acquisition Preferences for the Working Woman with Physical Disabilities 228
21.1 Introduction 228
21.2 Literature Review 229
21.3 Method 231
21.4 Results 232
21.5 Conclusions 236
21.6 References 236
Part V Inclusive Environments 238
Chapter 22 Is Remodelled Extra Care Housing in England an Inclusive and ‘ Care- neutral’ Solution? 240
22.1 Introduction 240
22.2 Materials and Methods 243
22.3 Results 243
22.4 Discussion 247
22.5 Acknowledgments 248
22.6 References 248
Chapter 23 Designing for an Ageing Population: Residential Preferences of the Turkish Older People to Age in Place 250
23.1 Introduction 250
23.2 Methodology 252
23.3 Results 253
23.4 Discussion 257
23.5 Conclusions 259
23.6 Acknowledgments 259
23.7 References 260
Chapter 24 Universal Design Patterns and Their Use in Designing Inclusive Environments 262
24.1 Introduction 262
24.2 Users 263
24.3 Built Environments 265
24.4 Universal Design Patterns 266
24.5 Universal Design Pattern Model 267
24.6 Conclusions 272
24.7 References 273
Chapter 25 User Friendly Living Environmental Research and Design for Older People 274
25.1 Introduction 274
25.2 Research on Older People Oriented Living Environment 2002 - 05 276
25.3 Conclusions 280
25.4 References 285
Index of Contributors 286