Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (eBook)

Foreword 6
Preface 7
Foreword to the Italian Edition 8
Preface to the Italian Edition 9
Contents 11
Contributors 17
I General 22
1 History of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 23
2 Anatomy of the Carpal Tunnel 30
3 Normal Anatomy and Variations of the Median Nerve in the Carpal Tunnel 33
4 Etiopathogenesis 41
5 The Pathophysiology of Median Nerve Compression 48
6 Ischemia- Reperfusion Injury as a Common Etiology of “ Idiopathic” Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Biochemical and Immunohistochemical Evidence 62
7 Carpal Canal Pressure Measurements: Literature Review and Clinical Implications 69
II Diagnosis 81
8 Clinical Diagnosis 83
9 Neurophysiological Assessment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 89
10 Diagnostic Imaging 95
11 Quantitative Assessment of Historical and Objective Findings: A New Clinical Severity Scale of CTS 102
12 Differential Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 109
13 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Rare Causes 115
III Treatment 123
14 Conservative Care for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 125
15 The Cutaneous Innervation of the Palm and Its Implications During Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery 131
16 Traditional Technique: Wrist- Palm Incision 135
17 Palmar Incision 141
18 Open Carpal Tunnel Release with a Short Palmar Incision and No Specialized Instruments Combined with a Rehabilitation Program for Early Return to Activity 150
19 The Mini- Invasive Technique for Carpal Tunnel Release: Open Approach with Converse Fiberoptic Light Retractor 155
20 The Indiana Tome for Carpal Tunnel Release 160
21 Alternative Techniques and Variants: Double Approach – Proximal and Distal Mini- Incisions 167
22 Anatomic Landmarks for Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release 171
23 Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release 176
24 Endoscopic Technique: The Gilbert Technique ( or Technique by Two Different Portals) 186
25 Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release 191
26 Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release: Menon’s Technique 197
27 The Distal Single Incision Scope- Assisted Carpal Tunnel Release – Thirteen- Year Follow- Up Results 206
28 Carpal Tunnel Release with Limited Visualization 214
29 Closed Technique With Paine Retinaculotome and Modified Retinaculotome MDC 220
30 Closed Carpal Tunnel Release Technique with GRS 231
31 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Release Using the Chiena Technique 240
32 Reconstruction of the Flexor Retinaculum 246
33 Critical Appraisal of Transverse Carpal Ligament Reconstruction. Theoretical, Experimental, and Clinical Considerations 259
34 Comparison of Grip Strength Evolution After Carpal Tunnel Release by Three Different Techniques 261
35 Median Nerve Compression Secondary to Fractures of the Distal Radius 267
IV Rehabilitation 274
36 Postoperative Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome After Median Nerve Decompression ( Open Field or Endoscopic Technique) 275
V Complications 287
37 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Surgical Complications 289
38 Complications Following Endoscopic Treatment 310
39 Role of Neurosensory Testing in Differential Diagnosis of Failed Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 319
40 Secondary Carpal Tunnel Surgery 327
41 Hypothenar Fat- Pad Flap 339
42 Management of Recurrence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome by Using the Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle Flap to Cover the Median Nerve 344
43 Protection of the Median Nerve with the Pronator Quadratus and Palmaris Brevis Muscle Flaps 347
44 Vein Wrapping of the Median Nerve 353
45 Synovial Flap Plasty as a Treatment of Recurrent Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 358
46 Reverse Island Forearm Flaps for the Coverage of the Median Nerve in Recurrent Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 363
47 The Ulnar Fascial- Fat Flap for the Treatment of Scarred Median Nerve in Recalcitrant Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 381
48 Protective Covering of the Nerve by the “ Vela Quadra” Flap 389
49 Free Vascularized Omental Transfer for the Treatment of Recalcitrant Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 396
VI Evaluation of Results 401
50 Outcomes Assessment Protocols 403
51 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Multicenter Studies with Multiperspective Assessment – Results of the Italian CTS Study Group 412
Subject Index 421