Total Knee Arthroplasty (eBook)

Preface 6
Short Biography of the Editors 8
Table of Contents 12
I Essentials 22
1 Arthritis of the Knee: Diagnosis and Management 24
2 Knee Arthroplasty to Maximize the Envelope of Function 35
3 Functional Anatomy of the Knee 39
4 Alignment of the Normal Knee Relationship to Total Knee Replacement
5 Functional In Vivo Kinematic Analysis of the Normal Knee 53
6 Gait Analysis and Total Knee Replacement 59
II Past Failures 65
7 The Polyethylene History 66
8 Failures with Bearings 72
9 Failures in Patellar Replacement in Total Knee Arthroplasty 78
10 Experience with Patellar Resurfacing and Non- Resurfacing 86
11 Failure in Constraint: “ Too Much” 90
12 Failure in Constraint: “ Too Little” 95
13 Surface Damage and Wear in Fixed, Modular Tibial Inserts: The Effects of Conformity and Constraint 106
14 Failure in Cam-Post in Total Knee Arthroplasty 111
15 Flexion Instability 117
16 Lessons Learned from Cementless Fixation 122
17 Lessons Learned from Mobile- Bearing Knees 128
III Kinematics 135
18 Understanding and Interpreting In Vivo Kinematic Studies 136
19 The Importance of the ACL for the Function of the Knee: Relevance to Future Developments in Total Knee Arthroplasty 142
20 Kinematics of Mobile Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty 147
21 Cruciate Deficiency in the Replaced Knee 162
22 Kinematic Characteristics of the Unicompartmental Knee 169
23 In Vitro Kinematics of the Replaced Knee 173
24 The Virtual Knee 180
IV Surgical Technique 184
25 Optimizing Alignment 186
26 Assess and Release the Tight Ligament 191
27 The Technique of PCL Retention in Total Knee Arthroplasty 198
28 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Balancing in Total Knee Arthroplasty with a Dynamic PCL Spacer 203
29 Achieving Maximal Flexion 209
30 Assess and Achieve Maximal Extension 215
31 Understanding the Rheumatoid Knee 219
32 Management of Extra-Articular Deformities in Total Knee Arthroplasty 226
33 Use of a Tensiometer at Total Knee Arthroplasty 233
34 Specific Issues in Surgical Techniques for Mobile- Bearing Designs 238
35 Optimizing Cementing Technique 244
36 Assessment and Balancing of Patellar Tracking 249
37 Specific Issues in Surgical Techniques for Unicompartmental Knees 255
V Technology 261
38 Computer-Assisted Surgery: Principles 262
39 Computer-Assisted Surgery: Coronal and Sagittal Alignment 268
40 Computer-Assisted Surgery and Rotational Alignment of Total Knee Arthroplasty 275
41 Imageless Computer-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty 279
42 Robotics 285
43 The Unicompartmental Knee: Minimally Invasive Approach 291
44 Minimally Invasive: Total Knee Arthroplasty 297
45 The Electronic Knee 303
VI Implant Design 310
46 Bicruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty 312
47 Bearing Surfaces for Motion Control in Total Knee Arthroplasty 316
48 The High-Performance Knee 324
49 Deep Knee Flexion in the Asian Population 332
50 Fixed-bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty 338
51 Mobile-Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty 343
52 Metallic Hemiarthroplasty of the Knee 347
53 Patellofemoral Arthroplasty 350
54 Current Role of Hinged Implants 356
VII Materials 363
55 Biology of Foreign Bodies: Tolerance, Osteolysis, andAllergy 364
56 Conventional and Cross-Linked Polyethylene Properties 374
57 Wear in Conventional and Highly Cross- Linked Polyethylene 382
58 Modular UHMWPE Insert Design Characteristics 386
59 Oxidized Zirconium 391
VIII The Wider Scope 400
60 Patient Selection and Counseling 402
61 Pain Management 405
62 Rehabilitation Following Total Knee Arthroplasty 409
63 Sports and Activity Levels after Total Knee Arthroplasty 414
IX Future Perspectives 420
64 Conclusions 422