Spinal Instability

I. Basic Science.- 1 Growth and Repair of Mineralized Osteoblasts.- 2 Spinal Stability and Instability as Defined by the Louis Three-Column Spine Concept.- 3 Dysfunction of the Spinal Stability System and Its Restabilization.- 4 Pathophysiology of the Nerve Roots in the Lumbar Spine.- 5 Biocompatibility of Metallic Spinal Implants.- II. Clinical Aspects of Instability.- A. Basic Concepts.- 6 Spinal Stabilization: Is Fusion the Right Way?.- 7 The Diagnosis and Treatment of Instability in Collapsing Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis.- 8 Vertebral Injury and Instability.- 9 Nonoperative Stabilization of the Adult Cervical Spine.- B. Operative Management: The Pediatric Spine.- 10 Instability of the Spine Secondary to the Treatment of Intraspinal Tumors in Children: Diagnosis, Cure, and Prevention.- 11 Spinal Trauma in Children.- C. Operative Management: The Adult Spine.- 12 Operative Management of Occipitocervical and Atlantoaxial Instability.- 13 Surgical Stabilization for Tumors of the Thoracic Spine.- 14 Surgical Treatment of the Unstable Thoracic Spine in Trauma and Infection.- 15 The Lateral Extracavitary Approach to the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine.- 16 Lumbar Spine Instability.- 17 The Mechanical Stability of Lumbosacral Spondylolisthesis.- 18 The Surgical Treatment of Failures of Laminectomy and Spinal Fusion.- 19 Revision Surgery in Late Spine Instability, Including Sacral Stabilization.- 20 Training the Future Spinal Surgeon.- Closing Remarks.