Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Health in Early Life

First Steps to Optimal Health and Fitness Throughout Life
Potential for Health
Historical Aspects
Physiology of Children
Secular Trend: Acceleration of Growth
The Influence of Environmental Factors
What Are the Aims?
Theoretical Considerations: What Can We Learn from the Natural and Experimental Models?
Influence of Diet in Early Life and Its Delayed Effects
The Influence of Increased Physical Activity During Pregnancy on Later Development of the Offspring
Influence of Other Factors During Pregnancy
Exercise During Pre- and Postnatal Ontogeny and the Cardiac Microstructure of the Offspring
Influence of Physical Activity on the Development of Experimental Cardiac Necrosis
Influence of the Interactions Between Early Diet and Physical Activity on Experimental Cardiac Necrosis
General Considerations
Nutrition of Mothers During Pregnancy and Its Influence on Their Children: Human Studies
Variability in Practices During Pregnancy and Lactation in Different Societies
Position in Industrially Developed Countries
The Influence of Heredity on Health Risk Factors in the Offspring
The Influence of the Mother's Physical Status on the Offspring
Relationships Between Anthropometric, Dietary, and Blood Lipid Variables of the Mother and Newborn
General Considerations
Growth and Somatic Development of Preschool Children
Cross-Sectional Surveys of Anthropometric Variables
Longitudinal Surveys of Children From 3 to 6 Years Old
Body Composition and Fat Patterns
Somatotypes
Body Posture
Relationships Between Height and Weight of Parents and Anthropometric Variables in Their Children
Other Surveys
General Considerations
Nutritional Status and Dietary Intake in Early Life
Energy Requirements
Protein Requirements
Fats
Carbohydrates
Minerals and Trace Elements
Vitamins
Methods for the Evaluation of Dietary Intake
Dietary Intake and Energy Output in Czech Preschoolers: Results of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Surveys
Food Intake and Energy Output in Other Child Populations
Considerations on the Recommended Dietary Allowances for Preschool Children: Is There a Need for Revision?
Functional Development During Early Childhood
Complexity of Physical Fitness
Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Motor and Sensomotor Development: Gross and Fine Motorics
Metabolic and Biochemical Characteristics
Studies of Biochemical Variables, Blood Pressure, and Fatness in Other Populations
General Considerations in the Functional Development of Preschool Children
The Influence of Different Degrees of Dietary Intake on Physical Fitness Development
Growth and Development
The Influence of Different Degrees of Nutrition: Marginal Malnutrition
Surveys of Populations Varying in Dietary Intake
The Influence of Severe Malnutrition
Problems of Child Labor
The Development of Obesity and Its Impact on the Functional Capacity of Children
Obesity in Young Children
Methods for the Evaluation of Depot Fat and Body Composition Used for Children
Results of Studies in Developing Obese Subjects
The Influence of Reducing Treatment
General Considerations: Validity of Exercise and Monitored Diet at an Early Age
The Influence of Environmental Factors
The Influence of Living Conditions in the Capital and Other Parts of the Country
Economic Level and Birth Rank
Environment, Risk Pregnancy, Family Conditions, and Health
Birth Weight
Family Situation
Education of Parents
Health Status of Children
General Considerations
The Impact of Motor Stimulation, Physical Activity, and Spontaneous Physical Education
Motor Development and Stimulation of Infants
Experimental Observations on the Impact of Motor Stimulation in Infants
Toddlers
Motor Development and Education of Children Aged 3 to 6 Years
Influence of Exercise on Preschoolers
Spontaneous Physical Activity, Somatic and Functional Development, Food Intake, and Blood Lipids
General Considerations
Criteria for the Evaluation of Morphological and Functional Development In Preschool Children: Recommendations
Body Size and Body Composition
Functional Measurements: Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Motor Development
Sensomotor Development
Dietary Intake and Biochemical Characteristics
Summary of Experimental Results
Studies in the Experimental Models with Laboratory Animals
Observations on the Influence of Maternal Nutrition on the Newborn
Morphological and Functional Surveys in Preschool Children
Surveys of Children with Various Environmental Conditions and Different Nutrition
The Influence of Exercise
Perspectives: Physical Activity, Early Prevention and Development of Positive Health
Appendices
References
Tables
Figure Captions
Figures
Index