Pediatric Cardiovascular Medicine

Dr. James Moller is Professor, Department of Pediatrics, and Paul F. Dwan Professor in Education in Pediatric Cardiology at the University of Minnesota, where he has also served as Chief of Pediatrics, Chief of Staff and, from 1999-2003, Chairman of the Department of Pediatrics. He has further served as Chief of Pediatrics at Fairview-University Medical Center. Dr. Moller is an extremely well-known name in Pediatric Cardiology and has authored or co-authored over 200 articles in peer-reviewed journals and edited, authored or co-edited 14 books, including Pediatric Cardiology: The Essential Pocket Guide, a Wiley-Blackwell title he co-edits with Dr. Walter Johnson. A Past-President of the American Heart Association, Dr. Moller is the recipient of AHA's Gold Heart Award and a Meritorious Achievement Award from the AHA's Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. He is also the recipient of a Distinguished Service Award from the American Academy of Pediatrics, whose Minnesota Chapter he has chaired. Currently he serves on the Editorial Boards of American Family Physician, Circulation, Focus on Outcomes Analysis, Progress in Pediatric Cardiology, and World Journal of Pediatrics. Dr. Julien I. E. Hoffman is professor emeritus of pediatrics and a senior member of the Cardiovascular Research Institute at the University of California at San Francisco. At Moffitt and Long Hospitals in San Francisco, he is an attending pediatrician. He also serves on the medical advisory committee for the SIDS Alliance. A member of the advisory committee for the Fetal Surgery Project on Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, Dr. Hoffman is also chairman of the Oversight Committee on Fetal Surgery and chairman of the Cardiovascular Research Institute's Animal Research Committee. He serves on the editorial board of Circulation Research and is a reviewer for many journals, including the American Journal of Cardiology, the American Journal of Genetics, the American Review of Respiratory Disease, Circulation, Pediatrics, and the Journal of Pediatrics. Dr. Hoffman has been a visiting professor and an invited lecturer at many prestigious universities throughout North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Africa.

List of Contributors, x

Preface, xvii

1 Normal and Abnormal Cardiac Development, 1
Adriana C. Gittenberger-de Groot, Monique R. M. Jongbloed & Robert E. Poelmann

2 Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, 23
Lisa J. Martin, Robert B. Hinton & D. Woodrow Benson

3 Developmental Physiology of the Circulation, 33
Abraham M. Rudolph

4 Basic Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart, and Coronary and Peripheral Circulations, 46
Julien I. E. Hoffman

5 Pulmonary Vascular Pathophysiology, 71
Marlene Rabinovitch

6 Clinical History and Physical Examination, 81
James H. Moller

7 Electrocardiography, 102
Anne M. Dubin

8 Echocardiography, 113
Rajesh Punn, Mark K. Friedberg & Norman H. Silverman

9 Radiographic Techniques, 157
Alison K. Meadows

10 Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography, 177
John D. R. Thomson & Shakeel A. Qureshi

11 Exercise Testing, 200
Per Morten Frederiksen

12 Thrombosis in Congenital and Acquired Disease, 206
Lindsay M. Ryerson, M. Patricia Massicotte & Mary E. Bauman

13 Genetic Testing, 222
Nitin Madan & Bruce D. Gelb

14 Practices in Congenital Cardiac Surgery: Pulmonary Artery Banding, Systemic to Pulmonary Artery Shunting, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, and Mechanical Ventricular Assist Devices, 231
James D. St. Louis & Roosevelt Bryant III

15 Postoperative Problems, 239
John M. Costello, Satish K. Rajagopal & Thomas J. Kulik

16 Fetal Treatment, 248
Helena M. Gardiner

17 Newborn Diagnosis and Management, 254
Kazuo Momma

18 Noncardiac Problems of the Neonatal Period, 261
James M. Greenberg

19 The Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Malformations, 268
Christopher Wren

20 Anatomy and Description of the Congenitally Malformed Heart, 276
Robert H. Anderson, Anthony M. Hlavacek & Jeffrey Smallhorn

21 Atrial Level Shunts Including Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection and Scimitar Syndrome, 289
Carlos A. C. Pedra & Simone R. Fontes Pedra

22 Atrioventricular Septal Defects, 308
Stuart Berger, Peter J. Bartz, David E. Saudek, John T. Hambrook & James S. Tweddell

23 Ventricular Septal Defect, 328
Daniel J. Penny

24 Aortopulmonary Shunts: Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Aortopulmonary Window, Aortic Origin of a Pulmonary Artery, 343
Jie Shen & D. Woodrow Benson

25 Sinus of Valsalva Fistula, 354
Alpay Çeliker & Seden Erten Çelik

26 Systemic Arteriovenous Fistula, 358
Ahmad I. Alomari

27 Left Ventricular Inflow Obstruction: Pulmonary Vein Stenosis, Cor Triatriatum, Supravalvar Mitral Ring, Mitral Valve Stenosis, 374
Walter H. Johnson Jr & James K. Kirklin

28 Left Ventricular Inflow Regurgitation, 386
Pierre-Emmanuel Séguéla, Bertrand Léobon & Philippe Acar

29 Right Ventricular Inflow Obstruction, 401
James H. Moller

30 Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction: Aortic Valve Stenosis, Subaortic Stenosis, Supravalvar Aortic Stenosis, and Bicuspid Aortic Valve, 406
Colin McMahon

31 Left Ventricular Outflow Regurgitation and Aortoventricular Tunnel, 426
Vijaya Joshi & Roxane McKay

32 Coarctation of the Aorta and Interrupted Aortic Arch, 436
Eric Rosenthal

33 Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction, 459
Philipp C. Lurz, Ingo Daehnert & Philipp Bonhoeffer

34 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection, 476
Shiv Kumar Choudhary, Sachin Talwar & Sivasubramanian Ramakrishnan

35 Tricuspid Atresia, 487
P. Syamasundar Rao

36 Ebstein Anomaly of the Tricuspid Valve, 509
David J. Driscoll & Joseph A. Dearani

37 Anomalies of the Coronary Sinus, 518
Shannon M. Mackey-Bojack & James H. Moller

38 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, 523
Robert B. Hinton & D. Woodrow Benson

39 Univentricular Heart, 534
Jacqueline Kreutzer, César Viegas, Eduardo A. Kreutzer & Guillermo O. Kreutzer

40 Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum, 572
Henry Chubb & Piers E. F. Daubeney

41 Tetralogy of Fallot and Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect, 590
Andrew Redington

42 Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries, 609
Daniel Sidi, Pascal Vouhé & Phalla Ou

43 Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries, 625
Tim S. Hornung & A. Louise Calder

44 Transposition and Malposition of the Great Arteries with Ventricular Septal Defects, 638
Daniel Sidi, Pascal Vouhé & Phalla Ou

45 Common Arterial Trunk (Truncus Arteriosus), 651
Albert P. Rocchini & Bryan H. Goldstein

46 Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations, 660
Shivu Kaushik & James Gossage

47 Vascular Rings, 667
Kevin K. Whitehead & Paul M. Weinberg

48 Coronary Arterial Abnormalities and Diseases, 674
Julien I. E. Hoffman

49 Pulmonary Artery Sling, 696
Christian Apitz, Christoph Döhlemann & Jürgen Apitz

50 Abnormalities of Situs, 702
Bruno Marino, Paolo Versacci, Paolo Guccione & Adriano Carotti

51 Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension, 730
Cécile Tissot & Maurice Beghetti

52 Central Nervous System Complications, 753
Jane W. Newburger

53 Adults with Congenital Heart Disease, 762
Anji T. Yetman & Gary D. Webb

54 Quality of Life and Psychosocial Functioning in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease, 773
Elisabeth M. W. J. Utens, Elisabeth H. M. van Rijen,Petra Opic & Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink

55 Cardiac Arrhythmias: Diagnosis and Management, 784
George F. Van Hare & Anne M. Dubin

56 Syncope, 806
John R. Phillips & Larry A. Rhodes

57 Cardiovascular Disease, Sudden Cardiac Death, and Preparticipation Screening in Young Competitive Athletes, 814
Barry J. Maron

58 Cardiomyopathies, 826
Jeffrey A. Towbin

59 Pericardial Diseases, 855
Jonathan N. Johnson & Frank Cetta

60 Infective Endocarditis, 871
Michael H. Gewitz & Kathryn A. Taubert

61 Rheumatic Fever, 888
Shaji C. Menon & Lloyd Y. Tani

62 Rheumatic Heart Disease, 905
Raman Krishna Kumar

63 Kawasaki Disease, 919
Hirohisa Kato & Kenji Suda

64 Hypertension in Children and Adolescents, 938
Bonita Falkner

65 Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Obesity, Diabetes, and Lipids, 954
William A. Neal, Collin John & Alia Rai

66 Cardiac Tumors, 963
Saroja Bharati

67 Connective Tissue Disorders, 969
Lut Van Laer & Bart Loeys

68 Cardiac Involvement in the Mucopolysaccharide Disorders, 982
Elizabeth A. Braunlin

69 Cardiovascular Manifestations of Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, 992
Bryce A. Binstadt

70 Pediatric Heart Transplantation, 1001
Rebecca Ameduri & Charles E. Canter

71 Cardiac Failure, 1021
Beth D. Kaufman, Kimberly Y. Lin, Akash R. Patel,Maryam Y. Naim, Maully J. Shah & Robert E. Shaddy

72 Pediatric Cardiology in the Tropics and Underdeveloped Countries, 1032
Andrea Beaton, Stephanie Lacey, Tom Mwambu,Charles Mondo, Peter Lwabi & Craig Sable

Index, 1047