Minimized Cardiopulmonary Bypass Techniques and Technologies

Terence Gourlay is Professor of Medical Diagnostics in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at University of Strathclyde, UK. Dr Gunaydin currently serves as a faculty and clinical professor in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery in Ankara City Hospital Campus, University of Health Sciences, Turkey. He studied histology and embryology and received PhD in Biomaterial Sciences in Tokyo Heart Institute, Japan. He is the Vice President for International Society of Minimally Invasive Extracorporeal Circulation (MiECTIS) and General Secretary of Turkish Enhanced recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society. He also works as the scientific board member in Giganode Foundation and Heart Team Education Association. He directs international scientific projects on clinical evaluation and biomaterial confirmation of novel cardiopulmonary bypass-related technologies based on the prevention of inflammatory response, patient blood management and ERAS.

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Foreword

Chapter 1: Historical development of minimised cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract:

1.1 Introduction and historical perspective

1.2 Cardiopulmonary bypass: from pioneering to refinement

1.3 Cardiopulmonary bypass: does size matter?

1.4 Conclusions

Chapter 2: Anticoagulation protocols for minimized cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract:

2.1 Introduction: blood activation during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)

2.2 Anticoagulation during CPB: basic principles and historical notes

2.3 Heparin-bonded surfaces and other biocompatible treatments

2.4 Reduced systemic heparinization (RSH)

2.5 Contraindications

2.6 Future trends

Chapter 3: Minimized extracorporeal circulation: physiology and pathophysiology

Abstract:

3.1 Introduction: basic principles

3.2 The inflammatory cascade and biomarkers

3.3 Conclusions

Chapter 4: Blood–surface interface in miniaturised extracorporeal circulation systems

Abstract:

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Blood–surface contact in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)

4.3 Clinical benefits of miniaturised extracorporeal circulation systems

Chapter 5: Hemodilution: physiology and pathophysiology

Abstract:

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Basic physiology and pathophysiology of hemodilution

5.3 Microvascular alterations with hemodilution

5.4 Hemodilution and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)

5.5 Determinants of tissue oxygenation – functional capillary density (FCD)

5.6 Conclusions

Chapter 6: Inflammatory response and minimized cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract:

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-induced inflammatory cascade

6.3 Pharmacological antioxidants for CPB: impact on biochemical and clinical outcomes

6.4 Minimized CPB circuits

6.5 Acknowledgements

6.7 Appendix: abbreviations

Chapter 7: Design and principles of the minimized extracorporeal circuit

Abstract:

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Basic principles of minimized extracorporeal circulation

7.2 Evolution of minimized circuits

7.4 Minimized extracorporeal systems currently available

7.5 Surgical applications of minimized extracorporeal circulation

7.6 Controversies and challenges facing minimized cardiopulmonary bypass

7.7 Future trends in minimized cardiopulmonary bypass

Chapter 8: Cardiopulmonary bypass perfusate

Abstract:

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Crystalloid primes

8.3 Types of crystalloids and colloid agents used in prime

8.4 Pharmacological agents used in prime

8.5 Using prime in CPB procedures

8.6 Examples of prime combinations

8.7 Minimizing the use of prime

8.8 Conclusions

Chapter 9: Myocardial preservation techniques for mini-bypass

Abstract:

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Methods of myocardial protection

9.3 Myocardial protection in mini-bypass

9.4 Conclusion

Chapter 10: Minimised cardiopulmonary bypass: objectives and indications

Abstract:

10.1 Introduction: objectives of minimised cardiopulmonary bypass

10.2 Indications and patient selection

10.3 Future trends

Chapter 11: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

Abstract:

11.1 Introduction

11.2 History of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

11.3 Patient selection (indications) for mini-invasive cardiopulmonary bypass

11.4 Conduits

11.5 Anastomoses techniques

11.6 Surgical management on mini-invasive cardiopulmonary bypass

11.7 Conclusions

Chapter 12: Valve surgery using minimized perfusion circuits

Abstract:

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Surgical and technical aspects

12.3 Blood management and patient treatment in valve surgery

12.4 Experience with closed-loop perfusion circuits in valve surgery

Chapter 13: Minimising cardiopulmonary bypass in children

Abstract:

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Challenges of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the congenital patient

13.3 Potential goals of mini-CPB

13.4 Mini-CPB and neurological outcome

13.5 Mini-CPB circuit design options in congenital heart surgery

13.6 Clinical trials

13.7 Alternative procedures to CPB

13.8 Conclusions

13.10 Appendix: abbreviations

Chapter 14: Comparison of minimized circulation with off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting and conventional surgery

Abstract:

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Controversies and challenges facing off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting

14.3 Studies comparing OPCAB with mini-cardiopulmonary bypass (mini-CPB) and mini-CPB assisted OPCAB

14.4 Future trends and competition between OPCAB and minimized cardiopulmonary bypass

Chapter 15: Minimally invasive cardiac surgery, port-access and robotic surgery

Abstract:

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting

15.3 Minimally invasive valve surgery

15.4 Minimally invasive congenital surgery

15.5 Minimally invasive treatment of atrial fibrillation

15.6 Miscellaneous possibilities of minimally invasive surgery

15.7 Robotic surgery

15.8 Conclusions

Index