Monitoring the Nervous System for Anesthesiologists and Other Health Care Professionals

Antoun Koht, MD Professor Department of Anesthesiology Chief, Neurosurgical Anesthesia Director, Neurosurgical Anesthesia Fellowship Program Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern Memorial Hospital Chicago, IL, USA Tod B. Sloan, MD, MBA, PhD Professor Department of Anesthesiology University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, CO, USA J. Richard Toleikis, PhD Associate Professor Department of Anesthesiology Director, Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring Rush University School of Medicine Chicago, IL, USA

Table of Contents

Neuromonitoring for the Anesthesiologist

Editors: Antoun Koht, MD, Tod B. Sloan, MD, MBA, PhD, J. Richard Toleikis, PhD



Dedication

Foreword - Maurice Albin, MD, MSc, BA

Foreword – H. Hunt Batjer, MD, FACS

Foreword - Clyde L. Nash, Jr., MD

Preface – Antoun Koht, MD, Tod B. Sloan, MD, MBA, PhD, J. Richard Toleikis, PhD



Part I – Techniques of Monitoring

Chapter 1 – Somatosensory Evoked Potentials, by Aimee Becker, MD and Deborah A. Rusy, MD

Chapter 2 – Transcranial Motor Evoked Potentials, by Leslie C. Jameson, MD

Chapter 3 – Auditory Evoked Potentials, by Christoph N. Seubert, MD, PhD, D.ABNM and Mary Herman, MD, PhD

Chapter 4 – VEP, by Sandra C. Toleikis, MA and J. Richard Toleikis, PhD

Chapter 5 – Deep Brain Stimulation, by Jay L. Shils, PhD, D.ABNM, F.ASNM, Amal A. Mokeem, MD and Jeffery E. Arle, MD, PhD

Chapter 6 – Spinal Cord Stimulation Techniques, by Sumihisa Aida, MD, PhD, Tatsuro Kohno, MD, PhD and Koki Shimoji, MD, PhD, FRCA

Chapter 7 – Electromyography, J. Richard Toleikis, PhD

Chapter 8 – Cortical Mapping, by Charles D. Yingling, PhD

Chapter 9 – EEG Monitoring, by Ira Rampil, MS, MD

Chapter 10 – Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, by Harvey L. Edmonds, Jr., PhD, Michael R. Isley, PhD, D.ABNM, F.ASNM and Jeffrey R. Balzer, PhD

Chapter 11 – Transcranial Doppler, by Harvey L. Edmonds, Jr., PhD

Chapter 12 – Jugular Bulb Monitoring, by Satwant K. Samra, MBBS, MD

Chapter 13 – Monitoring Intracranial Pressure, by Andrea Orfanakis, MD and Ansgar Brambrink, MD, PhD



Part II – Anesthesia Considerations

Chapter 14 – Anesthesia for Awake Neurosurgery, by Antoun Koht, MD, Georg Neuloh, MD and Sara Jean Childers, MD

Chapter 15 – General Anesthesia for Monitoring, by Tod B. Sloan, MD, MBA, PhD

Chapter 16 – Monitoring Anesthetic Effect, by Tod B. Sloan, MD, MBA, PhD and Leslie C. Jameson, MD



Part III – Case-Based Presentations

Chapter 17 – Monitoring Applications and Evaluating Changes, Algorithm, by Antoun Koht, MD, Tod B. Sloan, MD, MBA, PhD and J. Richard Toleikis, PhD

Chapter 18 – Intracranial Aneurysm Clipping, by Carine Zeeni, MD, Laura B. Hemmer, MD, Dhanesh K. Gupta, MD, Bernard Bendok, MD and Antoun Koht, MD

Chapter 19 – Intracranial AVM Surgery, by Laura B. Hemmer, MD, Carine Zeeni, MD and Dhanesh K. Gupta, MD

Chapter 20 – Surgery for Supratentorial Mass, by Georg Neuloh, MD

Chapter 21 – Surgery for Infratentorial Mass, by Michael J. Malcharek, MD and Gerhard Schneider, MD

Chapter 22 – Microvascular Surgery for Trigeminal Neuralgia, by Antoun Koht, MD, Sara Jean Childers, MD and Christopher C. Getch, MD

Chapter 23 – Surgery for Hemifacial Spasm, by, Raymond F. Sekula, Jr., MD, Peter J. Jannetta, MD, Gregory D. Arnone, BS and Penny P. Liu, MD

Chapter 24 – Skull Base Surgery, by Thomas N. Pajewski, MD, PhD and David E. Traul, MD, PhD

Chapter 25 – Surgery for Arnold Chiari Malformation, by Penny P. Liu, MD, Gregory D. Arnone, BS, Ashley Kane Palmer, BS and Raymond F. Sekula, Jr., MD

Chapter 26 – ENT and Anterior Neck Surgery, by W. Scott Jellish, MD, PhD and Michail Avramov, MD, PhD

Chapter 27 – Carotid Surgery, by Zirka H. Anastasian, MD, Sae Jin Kim, MS, Eugene Ornstein, PhD, MD and Eric J. Heyer, MD, PhD

Chapter 28 – Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery, by John F. Bebawy, MD, Antoun Koht, MD and Srdjan Mirkovic, MD

Chapter 29 – Posterior Cervical Spine Surgery, by Paul D. Mongan, MD and Vikas V. Patel, MD, MA, BSME

Chapter 30 – Surgery for Scoliosis Correction, by Mary Ellen McCann, MD, MPH, Robert M. Brustowicz, MD, FAAP, FACQ and Sulpicio G. Soriano, MD

Chapter 31 – Surgery on the Thoracic Spine, by Tod B. Sloan, MD, MBA, PhD and Evalina Burger-Van der Walt, MedSc, MBChB, MMed(Ortho)

Chapter 32 – Surgery in the Lumbo-Sacral Spine, by Deborah A. Rusy, MD and Aimee Becker, MD

Chapter 33 – Intramedullary Spinal Cord Surgery, by Beate Poblete, MD and Karl F. Kothbauer, MD

Chapter 34 – Surgery for Tethered Cord, by Daniel J. Janik, MD and Peter Witt, MD

Chapter 35 – Surgery in the Peripheral Nervous System, by Leo T. Happel, PhD

Chapter 36 – Surgery of the Aortic Arch, by K. Annette Mizuguchi, MD, PhD, MMSc, Linda S. Aglio, MD, MS, Melissa L. Brooks, MD and Laverne D. Gugino, MD, PhD



Chapter 37 – Surgery on Thoraco-Abdominal Aneurysms, by Tod B. Sloan, MD, MBA, PhD and Leslie C. Jameson, MD



Chapter 38 – Monitoring During Cardiopulmonary Bypass, by Harvey L. Edmonds, Jr., PhD

Chapter 39 – Interventional Neuroradiology, by Anthony K. Sestokas, PhD, D.ABNM, F.ASNM and Daniel M. Schwartz, PhD, D.ABNM



Part IV – Intensive Care Monitoring

Chapter 40 – Monitoring in Intensive Care, by Louanne Carabini, MD and Robert Gould, MD

Chapter 41 - Monitoring Cerebral Blood Flood, by W. Andrew Kofke, MD, MBA, FCCM



Afterword - Future of Monitoring the Nervous System, by Johannes Schramm, MD