Radiology of the Heart

1 Normal Heart and Great Vessels.- Normal Heart.- Cardiomegaly.- Pulmonary Vasculature.- 2 Introduction to Echocardiography.- Physical Principle.- Composite M-Mode Views (Arc Scans).- Real-Time Two-Dimensional Imaging of the Heart.- Left Ventricular Performance.- Echocardiography Using Contrast Material.- Increased Pulmonary Artery Pressure.- Doppler Echocardiography.- 3 Cardiovascular Nuclear Medicine.- Principles of Cardiovascular Nuclear Medicine.- Ischemic Heart Disease.- Valvular Heart Disease.- Pediatric Applications.- Acknowledgment.- References.- 4 Ischemic Heart Disease.- Radiological Examination.- Coronary Arteriography.- Left Ventriculography.- Ischemic Heart Disease (Cont.).- Interventional Radiology for Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease.- Surgical Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease.- Ischemic Heart Disease in the Young.- Appendix: Angulated Views of Coronary Artery Angiograms.- 5 Valvular Heart Disease.- Aortic Stenosis.- Bicuspid Aortic Valve.- Aortic Insufficiency.- Marfan Syndrome.- Mitral Stenosis.- Dysfunction of the Mitral Valve Secondary to Calcification of the Mitral Anulus.- Lutembacher Syndrome.- Mitral Insufficiency.- Mitral Valve Prolapse.- Infective Endocarditis.- Aortic Arteritis Syndromes: Takayasu Arteritis and Giant Cell Arteritis.- Ankylosing Spondylitis.- Rheumatoid Arthritis, the Reiter Syndrome, and Relapsing Polychondritis.- Syphilitic Aortitis.- Aortic Insufficiency Secondary to Systemic Hypertension.- 6 Cardiomyopathies.- Congestive Cardiomyopathy.- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.- Restrictive Cardiomyopathy.- Endomyocardial Fibrosis.- Infiltrative Cardiomyopathies.- Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia.- Uhl Anomaly.- 7 Congenital Heart Disease.- Etiology of Congenital Heart Defects.- Incidence of Congenital Heart Defects.- Classification of Congenital Heart Defects.- Terminology Used Frequently to Describe Congenital Heart Defects.- Quantitation of Blood Flow, Size of the Shunt, and Vascular Resistance.- 7 Section 1 Systemic-to-Pulmonary Communications.- Atrial Level Communications.- Ventricular Level Communications.- Great-Vessel Level Communications.- 7 Section 2 Admixture Lesions.- Transposition of the Great Arteries.- Dextrotransposition of the Great Arteries.- Levotransposition of the Great Arteries.- Truncus Arteriosus Communis.- Single Ventricle.- 7 Section 3 Right Heart Obstruction.- Primary (Idiopathic) Pulmonary Hypertension.- Pulmonic Stenosis.- Idiopathic Dilatation of the Pulmonary Artery.- Supravalvar Pulmonic Stenosis.- Subvalvar Pulmonic Stenosis.- Stenosis of the Tricuspid Valve.- Ebstein Anomaly of the Tricuspid Valve.- Tetralogy of Fallot.- Double-Outlet Right Ventricle.- Double-Outlet Left Ventricle.- Pulmonary Atresia.- Tricuspid Atresia.- Cor Triatriatum Dexter.- 7 Section 4 Left Heart Obstruction.- Coarctation of the Aorta.- Pseudocoarctation of the Aorta.- Aortico-Left Ventricular Tunnel.- Congenital Aortic Insufficiency due to Absence of a Cusp of the Aortic Valve.- Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis (Williams Syndrome).- Critical Valvar Aortic Stenosis in Infancy.- Subaortic Stenosis.- Shone Syndrome.- Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome.- Congenital Mitral Stenosis.- Cor Triatriatum.- 7 Section 5 Abnormalities of the Great Vessels.- Double Aortic Arch.- Right Aortic Arch.- Left Aortic Arch.- Cervical Aortic Arch.- Interruption of the Aortic Arch (Steidele Complex).- Pulmonary Artery Sling.- Ductus Arteriosus Sling.- Anomalous Origin of One Pulmonary Artery from the Ascending Aorta (Hemitruncus).- 7 Section 6 Abnormalities of the Visceroatrial Situs.- Asplenia.- Polysplenia.- Anisosplenia.- 8 Neoplasms of the Heart.- 9 Diseases of the Pericardium.- Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade.- Constrictive Pericarditis versus Restrictive Cardiomyopathy.- Pneumopericardium.- Pericardial Cysts and Diverticula.- Congenital Absence of the Pericardium.- Ectopia Cordis.- 10 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Heart.- Normal Cardiac Morphology.- Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease.- Acute Myocardial Infarction.- Cardiomyopathies.- Congenital Heart Disease.- Pericardial Diseases.- Potential of MRI in Cardiac Diagnosis.- References.