Perinatal Stem Cells

Curtis L. Cetrulo, M.D. has a profound passion for stem cells and pursues this passion with the same excitement and energy that he has brought with him at every stage of his career. Since 1984 until the present, Dr. Cetrulo has been a Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Tufts University School of Medicine. He is one of the two founding members and is the current President of the International Cord Blood Society (ICBS), a non-profit organization founded in 1995. In 2007, Dr. Cetrulo guest edited an edition of the Journal Stem Cell Reviews that focused on Pregnancy related stem cells. Dr. Cetrulo is currently a medical consultant for Auxocell Laboratories, Inc. a company that focuses on stem cells obtained from the Wharton's Jelly of the human umbilical cord. From 1996 until 2005, Dr. Cetrulo was the medical director of New England Cord Blood Bank, Inc. From 1992- 1994, Dr. Cetrulo was the Chairman of the Obstetrical Quality Assurance Committee at New England Medical Center. In 1992, he was named the Director of Regional Perinatal Program at New England Medical Center and from 1975-1992, Dr. Cetrulo was the Director of Maternal-Fetal Medicine at St. Margaret's Hospital in Boston. In 1990, Dr. Cetrulo was named the President of Medical Staff at St. Margaret's Hospital. In 1977, Dr. Cetrulo was board certified in Maternal Fetal Medicine. He was the first OB/GYN to be board certified in Maternal Fetal Medicine in Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Cetrulo completed his Maternal Fetal Medicine fellowship at the University of Southern California Medical Center in Los Angeles, California in 1975. He completed his Obstetrics/Gynecology residency program at the University of Colorado in Denver, Colorado in 1973. Dr. Cetrulo graduated from the New Jersey College of Medicine in 1969. He did his undergraduate work at Columbia University (1965) where he was the captain of the 1964 NCAA champion Fencing team. Kyle J Cetrulo is the Founder and Chief Operating Officer of Auxocell Laboratories, Inc. Auxocell Laboratories, Inc. is a start up company that focuses on stem cells obtained from the Wharton's Jelly of the human umbilical cord. In 2007, Mr. Cetrulo guest edited an edition of the Journal Stem Cell Reviews that focused on Pregnancy related stem cells. Today, Mr. Cetrulo continues in his capacity as the Director of the International Cord Blood Society as he has since 1998. His duties include fund raising and providing overall direction for the non-profit society. He is also responsible for the development of content for the ICBS website (www.internationalcordblood.org). His past work with the society includes organizing the 6th International Congresses held in 2004 and the 5th International Congress held in 2002. The 6th International Congress had representatives from 23 countries. During his career in the stem cell industry, Mr. Cetrulo opened 11 international markets including Brazil, Venezuela, Peru, Mexico, UAE and Turkey. Mr. Cetrulo is a graduate of the University of San Francisco where he majored in Communications (1998). Curtis L. Cetrulo, Jr., M.D.; Assistant Professor of Clinical Surgery (Plastic), Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, and Director, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery's Laboratory for Stem Cell-Based Microsurgical Tissue Engineering and Composite Tissue Allograft Design. Dr. Cetrulo's clinical interests include reconstructive microsurgery and digit/hand replantation, reconstructive breast surgery, hand surgery, and pediatric plastic surgery, including cleft lip and palate repair, ear reconstruction, burn scar revision and facial reanimation. Dr. Cetrulo graduated from Stanford University with a degree in English and received his M.D. (with Honors in Research) from Tufts University where he conducted research in cord blood stem cell biology, peripheral and spinal cord nerve regeneration, laser surgery and experimental microsurgery. He then underwent training in general surgery at the Lahey Clinic in Boston, followed by a research fellowship in craniofacial and microsurgical tissue engineering and stem cell biology at at New York University. There, Dr. Cetrulo was awarded a research grant by the American Society for Maxillofacial Surgeons to study the use of stem cells in craniofacial surgery. This research led to the award for the Best Paper in Craniofacial Surgery from the American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, chosen from all craniofacial papers published in the journal Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery in 2005. In addition, Dr. Cetrulo's work utilizing microsurgical free-flaps for tissue engineering led to the successful acquisition of NIH grant funding for the laboratory. Dr. Cetrulo next completed a clinical fellowship in hand and reconstructive microsurgery at the Buncke Clinic, followed by plastic surgery training at the Long Island Plastic Surgical Group and Nassau County Medical Center with a broad experience in aesthetic and reconstructive surgery.

PREFACE. CONTRIBUTORS. INTRODUCTION: PERINATAL STEM CELLS. 1 CORD BLOOD TRANSPLANTS: PERINATAL STEM CELLS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE ( Richard L. Haspel and Karen K. Ballen ). Introduction. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants: Adult Donor Collection. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants: Adult Donor Testing. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants: Recipient Issues. Collection and Processing of Cord Blood Units. Bone Marrow versus Single Cord Blood: Pediatric. Bone Marrow versus Cord Blood: Adults. Cord Blood Transplant: Advantages and Disadvantages. Double Cord Blood Transplants: Ablative Regimens. Double Cord Blood Transplant: Non-Myeloablative Regimens. Chimerism. Predicting the Winner. Are Two Cords Better Than One? Other Experimental Strategies. Summary. References. 2 EXPANDING THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS ( Rouzbeh R. Taghizadeh and James L. Sherley ). Introduction: Hematopoietic Stem Cells, the Therapeutic Distributed Stem Cells in Umbilical Cord Blood. Biological Barriers to Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy. Umbilical Cord Blood: An Ideal Source of Therapeutic Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Shortcomings of Ex Vivo HSC Expansion Strategies. A Novel Strategy With Potential to Enable Ex Vivo Expansion of Umbilical Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Acknowledgments. References. 3 USE OF FETAL CELLS IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE ( Christian Breymann ). Introduction. Principles of Tissue Engineering. Cell Sources for Tissue Engineering. Examples of Possible Use and Implications of Perinatal Stem Cells. Placental Derived Stem Cells (Chorionic, Amniotic Membranes). Amniotic Derived Stem Cells (hAMSC/Placental!). Amniotic Fluid-Derived Stem Cells (Nonplacental!). Conclusion. References. 4 PERINATAL STEM CELL THERAPY ( Daniel Surbek, Anna Wagner, and Andreina Schoeberlein ). The Fetus as Recipient for Pre- and Perinatal Stem Cell Transplantation. Prenatal Cell Transplantation: Current Experience. How Do We Improve the Success of Prenatal Stem Cell Transplantation? Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Prenatal Transplantation. Fetal Gene Therapy as a New Strategy. Current Issues of Postnatal Gene Therapy. Prenatal Gene Therapy. Animal Models of Prenatal Gene Therapy. Fetal Gene Therapy Targeting Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Safety Aspects of Prenatal Gene Therapy. Ethical Considerations. References. 5 UMBILICAL CORD MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS ( Laurent Boissel, Monica Betancur, Hans Klingemann, and James Marchand ). Preparation and Culture of UC-MSC. Characteristics-Properties and Bone Marrow Comparison. UC-MSC as Feeder Layer for Expansion of Human Cells. Clinical Indications for UC-MSC. References. 6 WHARTON'S JELLY-DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS ( Barbara Lutjemeier, Deryl L. Troyer, and Mark L. Weiss ). Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Immunophenotype of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. MSCs are Multipotent Cells. MSC and Stromal Support of the Stem Cell Niche. Defining Primitive Stromal Cells: Differences between Fetal and Adult MSCs. Umbilical Cord MSCs. Characterization of Wharton's Jelly Derived Cells. Other MSC-Like Cells from Umbilical Cord. Comparison of WJCs to Adult Derived MSCs. In Vitro Differentiation of WJCs. Comparison of WJCs to Fetal MSCs. Transplantation of WJCs. WJCs as Primitive Stromal Cells. Summary. Acknowledgments. References. 7 PERINATAL ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS ( Curtis L. Cetrulo, Jr. and Margaret J. Starnes ). The Role of Vascular Stem Cells in Postnatal Blood Vessel Formation: Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Postnatal Vasculogenesis. Sources of Endothelial Progenitor Cells. EPCs, Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis. EPCs and Tissue Engineering. EPCs and Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering. The Future: Vascularized Engineered Tissue. References. 8 UMBILICAL CORD DERIVED MAST CELLS AS MODELS FOR THE STUDY OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES ( Taxiarchis Kourelis, Duraisamy Kempuraj, Akrivi Manola, and Theoharis C. Theoharides ). Introduction. Mast Cell Triggers. Mast Cell Mediators. Selective Release of Mast Cell Mediators. Natural Mast Cell Secretion Inhibitors. Mast-T Cell Interaction. Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Fibromyalgia Syndrome. Asthma. Inflammatory Arthritis. Coronary Inflammation. Ocular Hypersensitivity Reactions. Conclusion. References. 9 AMNIOTIC FLUID DERIVED STEM CELLS ( Ming-Song Tsai ). Introduction. Amniotic Fluid Cells. The Discovery of Stem Cells in Amniotic Fluid. Cultivation of Amniotic Fluid Derived Stem Cells. Characteristics of Amniotic Fluid Derived Stem Cells. Differentiation Potential of Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells. Amniotic Fluid as a Promising Alternative Source for Neural Stem Cells. Current Applications of Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells in Therapy. Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells Banking. References. 10 AMNIOTIC EPITHELIAL STEM CELLS IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE ( Fabio Marongiu, Roberto Gramignoli, Toshio Miki, Aarati Ranade, Ewa C.S. Ellis, Kenneth Dorko, Stephen C. Strom, and Julio C. Davila ). Introduction. Amnion and Its Properties. Isolation and Culture of hAE Cells. Stem Cell Characteristics of Amniotic Epithelium-Derived Cells. Differentiation of hAE Cells. Future Directions. Conclusions. Acknowledgment. References. 11 HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND HUMAN DERMAL MICROVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS OFFER NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIPID METABOLISM, ANGIOGENESIS, AND ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM ( Ho-Jin Park, Yali Zhang, Jack Naggar, Serban P. Georgescu, Dequen Kong, and Jonas B. Galper ). Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Role of Angiogenesis in the Pathophysiology of Disease. HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors have Therapeutic Effects that are Both Dependent and Independent of Cholesterol Lowering. Studies of the Effects of Statins on Angiogenesis Using Both In Vivo Models and In Vitro HUVEC and HDMEC Models for Angiogenesis. References. 12 HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL DEVELOPMENT IN THE PLACENTA ( Katrin E. Rhodes and Hanna K.A. Mikkola ). Introduction. The Hematopoietic System. Historical Perspective on Placental Hematopoiesis. Development and Structure of the Mouse Placenta. Hematopoietic Activity in the Mouse Placenta. Phenotype of Placental HSCs. Origin and Localization of Placental HSCs. Summary and Future Directions. References. 13 FETAL CELL MICROCHIMERISM, A LOW-GRADE NATURALLY OCCURRING CELLTHERAPY ( Michele Leduc, Selim Aractingi, and Kiarash Khosrotehrani ). Introduction. The Placenta is a Source of Stem Cells. Transfer of Fetal Progenitor Cells During Gestation. Fetal Progenitor Cells in Maternal Tissues. Future Therapies. References. INDEX.