Perioperative Care, Anaesthesia, Pain Management and Intensive Care

*Introduction. The history of modern perioperative care. Perioperative safety. Perioperative assessment. Perioperative medications. *Co-existing diseases. Cardiac disease. Hypertension. Diabetes mellitus. Thrombophilia and bleeding tendency. Obesity. Pulmonary disease. HIV and other viruses. Alcohol and substance abuse. *Homeostasis. Oxygen and hypoxia. Acid-base abnormalities. Carbon dioxide. Electrolytes. Temperature. *The young, the old and the pregnant. The elderly. Infants and children. Pregnancy. *Sedation, surgery and anaesthesia. Techniques of anaesthesia. Sedation. The stress response. Antibiotic prophylaxis. Fluid management. Blood products. Oximetry and capnography. Postoperative recovery. Practical procedures. *Complications. Intraoperative complications. Postoperative neurological complications. Postoperative cardiovascular complications. Postoperative pulmonary complications. Postoperative nausea and vomiting. Postoperative bleeding. Perioperative infection. Allergic reactions. Shock. *Pain management. Pain assessment. Definitions and physiology. Pharmacological interventions in pain management. Acute pain management. Patient controlled analgesia. Local anaesthesia. Regional analgesia. Chronic pain syndromes. Complementary medicine and analgesia. ABCDs of pain management problems. Pain in the young and the old. Cancer pain management. Useful; advice to house officers and non-anaesthetists.*Intensive Care. What is intensive care ? Reasons for ICU admission. Monitoring the ICU patient. Brain death and organ donation. Psychological aspects of ICU. *Resuscitation. Emergency airway management. Resuscitation. Drugs and treatment. Continuity of care. *Clinical case comments. *Further reading.