Pediatric Imaging for the Technologist

1 The Pediatric Patient: Special Concerns.- Psychological Aspects: The Child and the Hospital.- Parent Participation.- Department Atmosphere and Environment.- Conclusion.- 2 Patient Care and Radiation Protection.- Patient Care.- Radiation Protection.- 3 Restraint and Sedation.- Restraint.- Sedation.- 4 Radiography of the Chest and Upper Airway.- Routine Chest Radiography.- Nonroutine Radiographic Views of the Chest.- Radiography for Suspected Foreign Body Aspiration.- Views of the Upper Airway.- Radiography of the Neonatal Chest.- Conclusion.- 5 Radiography of the Abdomen.- Plain Radiography of the Abdomen.- Contrast Examinations of the Gastrointestinal Tract.- Contrast Examinations of the Colon.- Genitourinary Radiography.- 6 Radiography of the Skull and Facial Bones.- Anatomy.- The Skull.- The Paranasal Sinuses.- The Nasal Bones.- The Facial Bones.- The Mastoids.- The Nasopharynx.- The Mandible.- The Temporomandibular Joints.- The Orbits.- Studies for Opaque Foreign Body in the Eye.- The Sella Turcica.- The Zygomatic Arches.- The Optic Foramina.- Conclusion.- 7 Skeletal Radiography.- The Upper Extremity.- The Shoulder Girdle.- The Thoracic Cage.- The Vertebral Column.- The Pelvic Girdle.- The Lower Extremity.- Special Orthopedic Radiography.- The "Three-Foot" Orthoroentgenogram for Long-Bone Measurement.- General Surveys.- 8 Radiographic Tomography.- General Considerations.- Pediatric Applications of Conventional Tomography.- Patient Management.- Technical Considerations-"Scattered Radiation".- Tomographic Examinations.- Conclusion.- 9 Computed Tomography.- General Considerations.- Pediatric Neuroradiologic Computed Tomographic Scanning.- Selected Neuroradiologic Pathological Conditions.- Computed Tomographic Scanning of the Spine.- Computed Tomography of the Body.- Conclusion.- 10 Diagnostic Ultrasound.- Ultrasound-Basic Physical Principles.- Diagnostic Ultrasound Equipment.- Patient Handling.- Specific Examinations-Indications and Techniques.- Conclusion.- 11 Introduction to Nuclear Medicine.- Radiopharmaceuticals.- Radiation Dosimetry.- Instrumentation and Image Production.- Nuclear Medicine as a Diagnostic Imaging Modality.- Pediatric Considerations in Nuclear Medicine.- Specific Nuclear Medicine Examinations.- Conclusion.- 12 Pediatric Angiocardiography.- Normal Cardiac Anatomy.- Cardiac Catheterization in Children.- A Brief Review of Congenital Cardiac Lesions.- Conclusion.- 13 Pediatric Angiography.- The Angiography Team.- The Patient.- Sedation.- Contrast Agents.- Equipment.- Patient Positioning.- Conclusion.- 14 Radiographic Quality: Control and Evaluation.- Equipment Evaluation.- Film and Screen Considerations.- Processing/Processor Control.- Conclusion.- 15 Pediatric Chest Pathology.- The Neonatal Chest Examination.- Conditions Seen in Older Children.- Conclusion.- 16 Pediatric Bone Pathology.- The Architecture of Pediatric Bone.- Factors Affecting Bone Response to Trauma.- Incomplete Fractures.- Epiphyseal Injuries.- The Pediatric Hip.- Bone Tumors.- Osteomyelitis.- Conclusion.- 17 Gastrointestinal Pathology.- The Upper Gastrointestinal Tract.- Small Bowel Conditions.- Lower Gastrointestinal Conditions.- Conclusion.- 18 Genitourinary Pathology.- Congenital Anomalies.- Urinary Tract Infection.- Abdominal Masses.- Conclusion.- Appendix A: Sedation Protocols.- Appendix B: Sample Technique Charts.- Appendix C: Quality Assurance Charts.