Care Planning in Children and Young People's Nursing

Doris Corkin is Teaching Fellow (Children's Team), School of Nursing & Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast Sonya Clarke is Senior Teaching Fellow, (Children's & Orthopaedic / Trauma Nursing), School of Nursing & Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast Lorna Liggett is Discipline Lead (Children's Nursing), School of Nursing & Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast

Foreword xi

Preface xii

Contributors xiv

Acknowledgements xxvi

Section 1: Principles of Care Planning 1

1 The Nature of Care Planning and Nursing Delivery for Infants, Children and Young People 3
Doris Corkin and Pauline Cardwell

Introduction 3

Nursing process – what is the nursing process? 3

Nursing diagnoses 6

Planning care – what is a care plan? 7

Philosophy of care 9

What are nursing models 9

Summary 15

References 19

2 Risk Assessment and Management 21
Sonya Clarke and Doris Corkin

Introduction 21

Risk assessment 21

Main sources of risk 22

Categories of risk 23

Risk management 24

Examples of risk 24

Following an incident 24

Summary 25

References 25

3 Safeguarding to Protect Children, Young People and Their Families 27
Lorna Liggett

Introduction 27

Inquiry into Victoria Climbié 27

Recognition of child abuse and neglect 28

Policies and procedures 31

Assessment 34

Record-keeping 35

Roles and responsibilities 36

Summary 37

References 38

4 Ethical and Legal Implications When Planning Care for Children and Young People 39
Orla McAlinden

Introduction 39

Ethics and morality 40

The law 42

What is advocacy? 43

The rights of the child 44

Consent 45

Challenges to healthcare decisions and actions 45

Evidence-based practice 46

Documentation within care planning 46

Summary 47

References 48

5 Young People and Truth Telling 50
Catherine Monaghan

Introduction 50

Summary 55

References 56

6 Sexual Health 57
Jim Richardson

Introduction 57

Answers to questions 58

Some facts 59

Summary 61

References 61

7 Integrated Care Pathways 62
Pauline Cardwell and Philomena Morrow

Introduction 62

The origins of integrated care pathways 63

What are integrated care pathways? 63

How do integrated care pathways contribute to evidence-based practice? 66

Summary 67

References 67

8 Interprofessional Assessment and Care Planning in Critical Care 69
Philomena Morrow

Introduction 69

Case study 69

Interprofessional working 70

ABCDE assessment framework 73

Assessment of disability 76

Summary 79

References 79

9 Practice Education Facilitator, Mentor and Student – Supporting the Planning of Care 81
Michael Davidson and Nuala Devlin

Introduction 81

Role of mentors 82

Practice education facilitator role 82

Case study 84

Summary 87

References 87

10 Holistic Care – Family Partnership in Practice 89
Erica Brown

Introduction 89

Family-centred care 90

Families adapting to their child’s illness 90

Empowering parents 92

Summary 94

References 94

11 From Hospital to Home – Parents’ Refl ective Account 96
Ian and Nicola Markwell

Introduction 96

Planning care 97

Hospital to home 99

Living with Ryan and his tracheostomy 100

Parents as carers 101

Siblings and extended family 102

Our son Ryan 103

Ryan’s education 103

Giving something back 104

Section 2: Care Planning – Pain Management 105

12 Managing a Neonate in an Intensive Care Unit 107
Clare Morfoot and Susanne Simmons

Answers to questions 108

References 114

13 Epidural Analgesia 116
Michelle Bennett and Sharon Douglass

Answers to questions 117

References 121

Section 3: Care of Children and Young Persons with Special Needs 123

14 Young Person with a History of Epilepsy 125
Alan Forster

The epilepsies 126

Answers to questions 127

Seizures 130

References 136

Websites for further reading 138

15 Nut Allergy – Anaphylaxis Management 139
Diane Gow

Answers to questions 140

References 146

16 Closed Head Injury 147
Katie Dowdie and Carol McCormick

Answers to questions 148

References 159

17 Obesity 160
Janice Christie

Answers to questions 162

Summary 169

References 170

Section 4: Care of Neonates and Children with Respiratory Disorders 173

18 Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome 175
Susanne Simmons and Clare Morfoot

Answers to questions 176

References 182

19 Cystic Fibrosis 183
Hazel Mills and Mary MacFarlane

Answers to questions 184

References 189

20 Asthma 191
Barbara Maxwell

Answers to questions 192

References 198

Section 5: Care of Infants and Young Persons with Cardiac Conditions 199

21 Cardiac Catheterisation 201
Pauline Carson

Answers to questions 202

References 207

22 Infant with Cardiac Failure 208
Anne Finnegan

Answers to questions 209

References 219

Section 6: Care Planning – Surgical Procedures 223

23 Tonsillectomy 225
Kathryn O’Hara and Doris Corkin

Answers to questions 226

References 231

24 Appendicectomy 233
Lorna Liggett

Answers to questions 234

References 240

Section 7: Care of Infants and Young Persons with Orthopaedic Conditions 241

25 Ilizarov Frame 243
Sonya Clarke

Answers to questions 245

References 254

26 Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip 256
Sonya Clarke

Answers to questions 258

References 262

Section 8: Care of the Gastro-intestinal Tract in Infants and Children 263

27 Gastro-oesophageal Reflux 265
Doris Corkin and Heather McKee

Answers to questions 266

References 271

28 Cerebral Palsy and Nasogastric Tube Feeding 272
Gillian McEwing

Answers to questions 273

References 280

29 Enteral Feeding – Gastrostomy Care 282
Catherine Paxton

Answers to questions 283

References 290

Section 9: Care of Children and Young Persons with Endocrine Disorders 291

30 Nephrotic Syndrome 293
Janet Kelsey

Answers to questions 294

References 299

31 Newly Diagnosed Diabetic 300
Pauline Cardwell and Doris Corkin

What is diabetes mellitus? 301

Answers to questions 301

References 307

32 Acute Renal Failure/Kidney Injury 308
Hazel Gibson, Gloria Hook and Rosi Simpson

Answers to questions 309

References 315

Further reading 316

Section 10: Care of Infants and Young Persons with Skin Conditions 319

33 Infant with Infected Eczema 321
Gilli Lewis and Debbie Rickard

Answers to questions 322

References 329

34 Burns Injury 332
Idy Fu

Answers to questions 333

References 339

Section 11: Care of Children and Young Persons with Life-Limiting Conditions 341

35 Young Person with Spinal Muscular Atrophy 343
Doris Corkin and Julie Chambers

Answers to questions 344

References 350

36 HIV/AIDS 352
Karen Salmon

Answers to questions 356

References 359

37 Bereavement Support 361
Una Hughes and Breige Morgan

Answers to questions 362

Summary 366

References 367

Appendices 368

Index 391