Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

About the Editors Dan L. Longo, MD, Lecturer, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Senior Physician, Brigham and Women's Hospital Deputy Editor, New England Journal of Medicine Boston, MA Adjunct Investigator, National Institute of Aging National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD Dennis L. Kasper, MD William Ellery Channing Professor of Medicine Professor of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Harvard Medical School Director, Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA J. Larry Jameson, MD, PhD Robert G. Dunlap Professor of Medicine Dean, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Executive Vice-President of the University of Pennsylvania for the Health System Philadelphia, PA Anthony S. Fauci, MD Chief, Laboratory of Immunoregulation Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Bethesda, MD Stephen L. Hauser, MD Robert A. Fishman Distinguished Professor and Chairman Department of Neurology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA Joseph Loscalzo, MD, PhD Hersey Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine Harvard Medical School Chairman,Department of Medicine Physician-in-Chief, Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA

(Chapters beginning with "e" are to be found on the DVD) Summaries of Chapters e1 to e57 Contributors Preface PART 1: INTRODUCITON TO CLINICAL MEDICINE 1. The Practice of Medicine, The Editors 2. Global Issues in Medicine, Jim Yong Kim, Paul Farmer, and Joseph Rhatigan 3. Decision-Making in Clinical Medicine, Daniel B. Mark, John B. Wong 4. Screening and Prevention of Disease, Gary J. Martin 5. Principles of Clinical Pharmacology, Dan M. Roden 6. Women's Health, Andrea Dunaif 7. Medical Disorders During Pregnancy, Robert L. Barbieri and John T. Repke 8. Medical Evaluation of the Surgical Patient, Wei C. Lau, Kim A. Eagle 9. Palliative and End-of-Life Care, Ezekiel J. Emanuel 10. The Safety and Quality of Health Care, David W. Bates e1. Primary Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, Tim Evans, Kumanan Rasanathan e2. Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Medicine, Josephine P. Briggs, Stephen E. Straus e3. The Economics of Medical Care, Joseph P. Newhouse e4. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care, Joseph R. Betancourt, Alexander R. Green e5. Ethical Issues in Clinical Medicine, Bernard Lo e6. Neoplasia During Pregnancy, Dan L. Longo PART 2: CARDINAL MANIFESTATIONS AND PRESENTATION OF DISEASES Section 1: Pain 11. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management, James P. Rathmell, Howard L. Fields 12. Chest Discomfort, Thomas H. Lee 13. Abdominal Pain, William Silen 14. Headache, Peter J. Goadsby, Neil H. Raskin 15. Back and Neck Pain, John W. Engstrom, Richard A. Deyo Section 2: Alterations in Body Temperature 16. Fever and Hyperthermia, Charles A. Dinarello, Reuven Porat 17.Fever and Rash, Elaine T. Kaye, Kenneth M. Kaye e7. Atlas of Rashes Associated with Fever, Kenneth M. Kaye, Elaine T. Kaye 18. Fever of Unknown Origin, Jeffrey A. Gelfand, Michael V. Callahan 19. Hypothermia and Frostbite, Daniel F. Danzl Section 3: Nervous System Dysfunction 20. Syncope, Roy Freeman 21. Dizziness and Vertigo, Mark F. Walker, Robert B. Daroff 22. Weakness and Paralysis, Michael J. Aminoff 23. Numbness, Tingling, and Sensory Loss, Michael J. Aminoff, Arthur K. Asbury 24. Gait and Balance Disorders, Lewis Sudarsky e8. Video Library of Gait Disorders, Gail Kang, Nicholas B. Galifianakis, Michael Geschwind 25. Confusion and Delirium, S. Andrew Josephson, Bruce L. Miller 26. Aphasia, Memory Loss, and Other Focal Cerebral Disorders, M.-Marsel Mesulam e9. Memory Loss, Bruce L. Miller, Indre V. Viskontas e10. Primary Progressive Aphasia, Memory Loss, and Other Focal Cerebral Disorders, Maria Luis Gorno-Tempini, Jeninfer Ogar, Joel Kramer, Bruce Miller, Gil Rabinovici, and Maria Carmela Tartaglia 27. Sleep Disorders, Charles A. Czeisler, John W. Winkelman, Gary S. Richardson Section 4: Disorders of Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat 28. Disorders of the Eye, Jonathan C. Horton e11. Video Library of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Shirley H. Wray 29. Disorders of Smell and Taste, Richard L. Doty, Steven M. Bromley 30. Disorders of Hearing, Anil K. Lalwani 31. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, Michael A. Rubin, Larry C. Ford, Ralph Gonzales 32. Oral Manifestations of Disease, Samuel C. Durso e12. Atlas of Oral Manifestations of Disease, Samuel C. Durso, Janet A. Yellowitz Section 5: Alterations in Circulatory and Respiratory Functions 33. Dyspnea, Richard M. Schwartzstein 34. Cough and Hemoptysis, Patricia Kritek, Christopher Fanta 35. Hypoxia and Cyanosis, Joseph Loscalzo 36. Edema, Eugene Braunwald, Joseph Loscalzo e13. Approach to the Patient with a Heart Murmur, Patrick T. O'Gara, Joseph Loscalzo 37. Palpitations, Joseph Loscalzo Section 6: Alterations in Gastrointestinal Function 38. Dysphagia, Ikuo Hirano, Peter J. Kahrilas 39. Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion, William L. Hasler 40. Diarrhea and Constipation, Michael Camilleri, Joseph A. Murray 41. Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Loren Laine 42. Jaundice, Daniel S. Pratt, Marshall M. Kaplan 43. Abdominal Swelling and Ascites, Kathleen E. Corey, Lawrence S. Friedman Section 7: Alterations in Renal and Urinary Tract Function 44. Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities, Julie Lin, Bradley M. Denker e14. Atlas of Urinary Sediments and Renal Biopsies, Agnes B. Fogo, Eric G. Neilson 45. Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances, David B. Mount e15. Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances and Acid-Base Disturbances: Case Examples, David B. Mount, Thomas D. Dubose, Jr. 46. Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia, Sundeep Khosla 47. Acidosis and Alkalosis, Thomas D. Dubose, Jr. Section 8: Alterations in Sexual Function and Reproduction 48. Sexual Dysfunction, Kevin T. McVary 49. Hirsutism and Virilization, David A. Ehrmann 50. Menstrual Disorders and Pelvic Pain, Janet E. Hall Section 9: Alterations in the Skin 51. Approach to the Patient with a Skin Disorder, Thomas J. Lawley, Kim B. Yancey 52. Eczema, Psoriasis, Cutaneous Infections, Acne, and Other Common Skin Disorders, Leslie P. Lawley, Calvin O. McCall, Thomas J. Lawley 53. Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease, Jean L. Bolognia, Irwin M. Braverman (ed. Fauci) 54. Immunologically Mediated Skin Diseases, Kim B. Yancey, Thomas J. Lawley 55. Cutaneous Drug Reactions, Kanada Shinkai, Jean-Claude Roujeau, Robert S. Stern, Bruce U. Wintroub 56. Photosensitivity and Other Reactions to Light, Alexander G. Marneros, David R. Bickers e16. Atlas of Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease, Thomas J. Lawley, Robert A. Swerlick Section 10: Hematologic Alterations 57. Anemia and Polycythemia, John W. Adamson, Dan L. Longo 58. Bleeding and Thrombosis, Barbara Konkle 59. Enlargement of Lymph Nodes and Spleen 60. Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes, Steven M. Holland, John I. Gallin e17. Atlas of Hematology and Analysis of Peripheral Blood Smears, Dan L. Longo PART 3: GENES, THE ENVIRONMENT, AND DISEASE 61. Principles of Human Genetics, J. Larry Jameson, Peter Kopp 62. Chromosome Disorders, Stuart Schwartz, Terry Hassold 63. The Practice of Genetics in Clinical Medicine, Susan Miesfeldt, J. Larry Jameson e18. Mitochondrial DNA and Heritable Traits and Diseases, Karl Skorecki, Hanna Mandel 64. The Human Microbiome, Jeffrey I. Gordon, Rob Knight e19. Systems Biology in Health and Disease, Joseph Loscalzo PART 4: REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 65. Stem Cell Biology, Minoru S. H. Ko 66. Hematopoietic Stem Cells, David T. Scadden, Dan L. Longo 67. Applications of Stem Cell Biology in Clinical Medicine, John A. Kessler 68. Gene Therapy in Clinical Medicine, Katherine A. High 69. Tissue Engineering, David M. Hoganson, Howard I. Pryor, II, Joseph P. Vacanti PART 5: AGING 70. World Demography of Aging, Richard Suzman 71. The Biology of Aging, George M. Martin 72. Clinical Problems of Aging, Luigi Ferrucci, Stephanie Studenski PART 6: NUTRITION 73. Nutrient Requirements and Dietary Assessment, Johanna Dwyer 74. Vitamin and Trace Mineral Deficiency and Excess, Robert M. Russell, Paolo M. Suter 75. Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment, Douglas C. Heimburger 76. Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Therapy, Bruce R. Bistrian, David F. Driscoll 77. Biology of Obesity, Jeffrey S. Flier, Eleftheria Maratos-Flier 78. Evaluation and Management of Obesity, Robert F. Kushner 79. Eating Disorders, B. Timothy Walsh, Evelyn Attia 80. Involuntary Weight Loss, Russell G. Robertson, J. Larry Jameson PART 7: ONCOLOGY AND HEMATOLOGY Section 1: Neoplastic Disorders 81. Approach to the Patient with Cancer, Dan L. Longo 82. Prevention and Early Detection of Cancer, Jennifer M. Croswell, Otis W. Brawley, Barnett S. Kramer 83. Cancer Genetics, Pat J. Morin, Jeffrey M. Trent, Francis S. Collins, Bert Vogelstein 84. Cancer Cell Biology and Angiogenesis, Robert G. Fenton, Dan L. Longo 85. Principles of Cancer Treatment, Edward A. Sausville, Dan L. Longo 86. Infections in Patients with Cancer, Robert Finberg 87. Cancer of the Skin, Walter J. Urba, Carl V. Washington, Hari Nadiminti 88. Head and Neck Cancer, Everett E. Vokes 89. Neoplasms of the Lung, Leora Horn, William Pao, David H. Johnson 90. Breast Cancer, Marc E. Lippman 91. Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Robert J. Mayer 92. Tumors of the Liver and Biliary Tree, Brian I. Carr 93. Pancreatic Cancer, Irene Chong, David Cunningham 94. Bladder and Renal Cell Carcinomas, Howard I. Scher, Robert J. Motzer 95. Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Prostate, Howard I. Scher 96. Testicular Cancer, Robert J. Motzer, George J. Bosl 97. Gynecologic Malignancies, Michael V. Seiden 98. Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcomas and Bone Metastases, Shreyaskumar R. Patel, Robert S. Benjamin 99. Carcinoma of Unknown Primary, Gauri R. Varadhachary, James L. Abbruzzese 100. Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Endocrinologic/Hematologic, J. Larry Jameson, Dan L. Longo 101. Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes, Josep Dalmau, Myrna R. Rosenfeld e20. Thymoma, Dan L. Longo 102. Late Consequences of Cancer and Its Treatment, Carl E. Freter, Dan L. Longo Section 2: Hematopoietic Disorders 103. Iron Deficiency and Other Hypoproliferative Anemias, John W. Adamson 104. Disorders of Hemoglobin, Edward J. Benz, Jr. 105. Megaloblastic Anemias, A. Victor Hoffbrand 106. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss, Lucio Luzzatto 107. Aplastic Anemia, Myelodysplasia, and Related Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes, Neal S. Young 108. Polycythemia Vera and Other Myeloproliferative Diseases, Jerry L. Spivak 109. Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Meir Wetzler, Guido Marcucci, and Clara D. Bloomfield 110. Malignancies of Lymphoid Cells, Dan L. Longo e21. Less Common Hematologic Malignancies, Dan L. Longo 111. Plasma Cell Disorders, Nikhil C. Munshi, Dan L. Longo, Kenneth C. Anderson 112. Amyloidosis, David C. Seldin, Martha Skinner 113. Transfusion Biology and Therapy, Jeffery S. Dzieczkowski, Kenneth c. Anderson 114. Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Frederick R. Appelbaum Section 3: Disorders of Hemostasis 115. Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall, Barbara Konkle 116. Coagulation Disorders, Valder R. Arruda, Katherine A. High 117. Arterial and Venous Thrombosis, Jane E. Freedman, Joseph Loscalzo 118. Antiplatelet Anticoagulant and Fibrinolytic Drugs, Jeffrey I. Weitz PART 8: INFECTIOUS DISEASES Section 1: Basic Considerations in Infectious Diseases 119. Introduction to Infectious Diseases: Host-Pathogen Interactions, Lawrence C. Madoff, Dennis L. Kasper 120. Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis, Gerald B. Pier 121. Approach to the Acutely Ill Infected Febrile Patient, Tamar F. Barlam, Dennis L. Kasper 122. Immunization Principles and Vaccine Use, Anne Schuchat, Lisa A. Jackson 123. Health Recommendations for International Travel, Jay S. Keystone, Phyllis E. Kozarsky e22. Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases, Alexander J. McAdam, Andrew B. Onderdonk Section 2: Clinical Syndromes: Community-Acquired Infections 124. Infective Endocarditis, Adolf W. Karchmer 125. Infections of the Skin, Muscles, and Soft Tissues, Dennis L. Stevens 126. Osteomyelitis, Alan D. Tice 127. Intraabdominal Infections and Abscesses, Miriam J. Baron, Dennis L. Kasper 128. Acute Infectious Diarrheal Diseases and Bacterial Food Poisoning, Regina C. LaRocque, Edward T. Ryan, Stephen B. Calderwood 129. Clostridium difficile Infection, Including Pseudomembranous Colitis, Dale N. Gerding, Stuart Johnson 130. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach, Jeanne M. Marrazzo, King K. Holmes e23. Infectious Complications of Burns, Lawrence C. Madoff, Florencia Pereyra e24. Infectious Complications of Bites, Lawrence C. Madoff, Florencia Pereyra Section 3: Clinical Syndromes: Health Care-Associated Infections 131. Health Care-Associated Infections, Robert A. Weinstein 132. Infections in Transplant Recipients, Robert Finberg, Joyce Fingeroth Section 4: Approach to Therapy for Bacterial Diseases, 133. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections, Gordon L. Archer, Ronald E. Polk Section 5: Diseases Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria, 134. Pneumococcal Infections, David Goldblatt, Katherine L. O'Brien 135. Staphylococcal Infections, Franklin D. Lowy 136. Streptococcal Infections, Michael R. Wessels 137. Enterococcal Infections, Cesar A. Arias, Barbara E. Murray 138. Diphtheria and Other Infections Caused by Corynebacteria and Related Species, William R. Bishai, John R. Murphy 139. Listeria monocytogenes Infections, Elizabeth L. Hohmann, Daniel A. Portnoy 140. Tetanus, C. Louise Thwaites, Lam Minh Yen 141. Botulism, Jeremy Sobel, Susan Maslanka 142. Gas Gangrene and Other Clostridial Infections, Amy E. Bryant, Dennis L. Stevens Section 6: Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria 143. Meningococcal Infections, Andrew J. Pollard 144. Gonococcal Infections, Sanjay Ram, Peter A. Rice 145. Haemophilus and Moraxella Infections, Timothy F. Murphy 146. Infections Due to the HACEK Group and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacteria, Tamar F. Barlam, Dennis L. Kasper 147. Legionella Infections, Miguel Sabria, Victor L. Yu 148. Pertussis and Other Bordetella Infections, Scott A. Halperin 149. Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacilli, Thomas A. Russo, James R. Johnson 150. Acinetobacter Infections, David L. Paterson, Anton Y. Peleg 151. Helicobacter pylori Infections, John C. Atherton, Martin J. Blaser 152. Infections Due to Pseudomonas Species and Related Organisms, Reuben Ramphal 153. Salmonellosis, David A. Pegues, Samuel I. Miller 154. Shigellosis, David A. Pegues, Samuel I. Miller 155. Infections Due to Campylobacter and Related Organisms, Martin J. Blaser 156. Cholera and Other Vibrioses, Matthew K. Waldor, Edward T. Ryan 157. Brucellosis, Michael J. Corbel, Nicholas J. Beeching 158. Tularemia, Richard F. Jacobs, Gordon E. Schutze 159. Plague and Other Yersinia Infections, Michael B. Prentice 160. Bartonella Infections, Including Cat-Scratch Disease, Michael Giladi, Moshe Ephros 161. Donovanosis, Nigel O'Farrell Section 7: Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections 162. Nocardiosis, Gregory A. Filice 163. Actinomycosis, Thomas A. Russo 164. Infections Due to Mixed Anaerobic Organisms, Dennis L. Kasper, Ronit Cohen-Poradosu Section 8: Mycobacterial Diseases 165. Tuberculosis, Mario C. Raviglione, Richard J. O'Brien 166. Leprosy, Robert H. Gelber 167. Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections, Steven M. Holland 168. Antimycobacterial Agents, Max R. O'Donnell, Jussi J. Saukkonen Section 9: Spirochetal Diseases 169. Syphilis, Sheila A. Lukehart 170. Endemic Treponematoses, Sheila A. Lukehart 171. Leptospirosis, Joseph M. Vinetz 172. Relapsing Fever, Mark S. Dworkin 173. Lyme Borreliosis, Allen C. Steere Section 10: Diseases Caused by Rickettsiae, Mycoplasmas, and Chlamydiae 174. Rickettsial Diseases, David H. Walker, J. Stephen Dumler, Thomas Marrie 175. Infections Due to Mycoplasmas, R. Doug Hardy 176. Chlamydial Infections, Charlotte A. Gaydos, Thomas C. Quinn Section 11: Viral Diseases: General Considerations 177. Medical Virology, Fred Wang, Elliott Kieff 178. Antiviral Chemotherapy, Excluding Antiretroviral Drugs, Lindsey R. Baden, Raphael Dolin Section 12: Infections Due to DNA Viruses 179. Herpes Simplex Virus Infections, Lawrence Corey 180. Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections, Richard J. Whitley 181. Epstein-Barr Virus Infections, Including Infectious Mononucleosis, Jeffrey I. Cohen 182. Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus Types 6,7, and 8, Martin S. Hirsch 183. Molluscum Contagiosum, Monkeypox, and Other Poxvirus Infections, Fred Wang 184. Parvovirus Infections, Kevin E. Brown 185. Human Papillomavirus Infections, Richard C. Reichman Section 13: Infections Due to DNA and RNA Respiratory Viruses 186. Common Viral Respiratory Infections, Raphael Dolin 187. Influenza, Raphael Dolin Infections Due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Other Human Retroviruses 188. The Human Retroviruses, Dan L. Longo 189. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: AIDS and Related Disorders, Anthony S. Fauci, H. Clifford Lane Section 15: Infections Due to RNA Viruses 190. Viral Gastroenteritis, Umesh D. Parashar, Roger I. Glass 191. Enteroviruses and Reoviruses, Jeffrey I. Cohen 192. Measles (Rubeola), William J. Moss 193. Rubella (German Measles), Laura A. Zimmerman, Susan E. Reef 194. Mumps, Steven Rubin, Kathryn M. Carbone 195. Rabies and Other Rhabdovirus Infections, Alan C. Jackson 196. Infections Caused by Arthropod- and Rodent-Borne Viruses, Clarence J. Peters 197. Ebola and Marburg Viruses, Clarence J. Peters Section 16: Fungal Infections 198. Diagnosis and Treatment of Fungal Infections, John E. Edwards, Jr. 199. Histoplasmosis, Chadi A. Hage, L. Joseph Wheat 200. Coccidioidomycosis, Neiil M. Ampel 201. Blastomycosis, Stanley W. Chapman, Donna C. Sullivan 202. Cryptococcosis, Arturo Casadevall 203. Candidiasis, John E. Edwards, Jr. 204. Aspergillosis, David W. Denning 205. Mucormycosis, Brad Spellberg, Ashraf S. Ibrahim 206. Superficial Mycoses and Less Common Systemic Mycoses, Carol A. Kauffman 207. Pneumocystis Infections, A. George Smulian, Peter D. Walzer Section 17: Protozoal and Helminthic Infections: General Considerations e25. Laboratory Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections, Sharon L. Reed, Charles E. Davis 208. Agents Used to Treat Parasitic Infections, Thomas A. Moore e26. Pharmacology of Agents Used to Treat Parasitic Infections, Thomas A. Moore Section 18: Protozoal Infections 209. Amebiasis and Infection With Free-Living Amebas, Samuel L. Stanley, Jr. 210. Malaria, Nicholas J. White, Joel G. Berman 211. Babesiosis, Edouard Vannier, Jeffrey A. Gelfand e27. Atlas of Blood Smears of Malaria and Babesiosis, Nicholas J. White, Joel G. Breman 212. Leishmaniasis, Shyam Sundar 213. Chagas' Disease and Trypanosomiasis, Louis V. Kirchhoff, Anis Rassi, Jr. 214. Toxoplasma Infections, Kami Kim, Lloyd H. Kasper 215. Protozoal Intestinal Infections and Trichomoniasis, Peter F. Weller Section 19: Helminthic Infections 216. Trichinellosis and Other Tissue Nematode Infections, Peter F. Weller 217. Intestinal Nematode Infections, Peter F. Weller, Thomas B. Nutman 218. Filarial and Related Infections, Thomas B. Nutman, Peter F. Weller 219. Schistosomiasis and Other Trematode Infections, Adel A.F. Mahmoud 220. Cestode Infections, A. Clinton White, Jr., Peter F. Weller PART 9: TERRORISM AND CLINICAL MEDICINE 221. Microbial Bioterrorism, H. Clifford Lane, Anthony S. Fauci 222. Chemical Terrorism, Charles G. Hurst, Jonathan Newmark, James A. Romano, Jr. 223. Radiation Terrorism, Zelig A. Tochner, Eli Glatstein PART 10: DISORDERS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Section 1: Introduction to Cardiovascular Disorders 224. Basic Biology of the Cardiovascular System, Joseph Loscalzo, Peter Libby, Jonathan Epstein 225. Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Thomas A. Gaziano, J. Michael Gaziano 226. Approach to the Patient with Possible Cardiovascular Disease, Joseph Loscalzo Section 2: Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disorders 227. Physical Examination of the Cardiovascular System, Patrick T. O'Gara, Joseph Loscalzo 228. Electrocardiography, Ary L. Goldberger e28. Atlas of Electrocardiography, Ary L. Goldberger 229. Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging: Echocardiography, Nuclear Cardiology, and MRI/CT Imaging, Rick A. Nishimura, Panithaya Chareonthaitawee, Matthew Martinez e29. Atlas of Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging, Rick A. Nishimura, Panithya Chareonthaitawee, Matthew Martinez 230. Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Angiography, Jane A. Leopold, David P. Faxon Section 3: Disorders of Rhythm 231. Principles of Electrophysiology, David D. Spragg, Gordon F. Tomaselli 232. The Bradyarrhythmias, Gordon F. Tomaselli 233. The Tachyarrhythmias, Francis Marchlinski e30. Atlas of Cardiac Arrhythmias, Ary L. Golberger Section 4: Disorders of the Heart 234. Heart Failure and Cor Pulmonale, Douglas L. Mann, Murali Chakinala 235. Cardiac Transplantation and Prolonged Assisted Circulation, Sharon A. Hunt, Hari R. Mallidi 236. Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult, John S. Child, Jamil Aboulhosn 237. Valvular Heart Disease, Patrick O'Gara, Joseph Loscalzo 238. Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Joseph Loscalzo 239. Pericardial Disease, Eugene Braunwald 240. Tumors and Trauma of the Heart, Eric H. Awtry, Wilson S. Colucci e31. Cardiac Manifestations of Systemic Disease, Eric H. Awtry, Wilson S. Colucci Section 5: Vascular Disease 241. The Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Atherosclerosis, Peter Libby e32. Atlas of Atherosclerosis, Peter Libby 242. The Metabolic Syndrome, Robert H. Eckel 243. Ischemic Heart Disease, Elliott M. Antman, Andrew P. Selwyn, Joseph Loscalzo 244. Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Christopher P. Cannon 245. ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Elliott M. Antman, Joseph Loscalzo 246. Percutaneous Coronary Interventions and Other Interventional Procedures, David P. Faxon, Deepak L. Bhatt e33. Atlas of Percutaneous Revascularization, Jane A. Leopold, Deepak L. Bhatt, David P. Faxon 247. Hypertensive Vascular Disease, Theodore A. Kotchen 248. Diseases of the Aorta, Mark A. Creager, Joseph Loscalzo 249. Vascular Diseases of the Extremities, Mark A. Creager, Joseph Loscalzo 250. Pulmonary Hypertension, Stuart Rich PART 11: DISORDERS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Section 1: Diagnosis of Respiratory Disorders 251. Approach to the Patient With Disease of the Respiratory System, Patricia Kritek, Augustine Choi 252. Disturbances of Respiratory Function, Edward T. Naureckas, Julian Solway 253. Diagnostic Procedures in Respiratory Disease, Anne L. Fuhlbrigge, Augustine M. K. Choi e34. Atlas of Chest Imaging, Patricia Kritek, John J. Reilly, Jr. Section 2: Diseases of the Respiratory System 254. Asthma, Peter J. Barnes 255. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis and Pulmonary Infiltrates With Eosinophilia, Alica K. Gerke, Gary W. Hunninghake 256. Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease, John R. Balmes, Frank E. Speizer 257. Pneumonia, Lionel A. Mandell, Richard Wunderink 258. Bronchiectasis and Lung Abscess, Rebecca M. Baron and John G. Bartlett 259. Cystic Fibrosis, Richard C. Boucher 260. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, John J. Reilly, Jr., Edwin K. Silverman, Steven D. Shapiro 261. Interstitial Lung Diseases, Talmadge E. King, Jr. 262. Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Thromboembolism, Samuel Z. Goldhaber 263. Disorders of the Pleura and Mediastinum, Richard W. Light 264. Disorders of Ventilation, John F. McConville, Julian Solway 265. Sleep Apnea, Neil J. Douglas 266. Lung Transplantation, Elbert P. Trulock PART 12: CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE Section 1: Respiratory Critical Care 267. Approach to the Patient With Critical Illness, John P. Kress, Jesse B. Hall 268. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Bruce D. Levy, Augustine M.K. Choi 269. Mechanical Ventilatory Support, Bartolome R. Celli Section 2: Shock and Cardiac Arrest 270. Approach to the Patient With Shock, Ronald V. Maier 271. Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock, Robert S. Munford 272. Cardiogenic Shock and Pulmonary Edema, Judith S. Hochman, David H. Ingbar 273. Cardiovascular Collapse, Cardiac Arrest, and Sudden Cardiac Death, Robert J. Myerburg, Agustin Castellanos Section 3: Neurologic Critical Care 274. Coma, Allan H. Ropper 275. Neurologic Critical Care, Including Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy, and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, J. Claude Hemphill, III, Wade S. Smith, Daryl R. Gress Section 4: Oncologic Emergencies 276. Oncologic Emergencies, Rasim Gucalp, Janice Dutcher PART 13: DISORDERS OF THE KIDNEY AND URINARY TRACT 277. Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Kidney, Alfred L. George, Jr., Eric G. Neilson 278. Adaptation of the Kidney to Renal Injury, Raymond C. Harris, Eric G. Neilson 279. Acute Kidney Injury, Sushrut S. Waikar, Joseph V. Bonventre 280. Chronic Kidney Disease, Joanne M. Bargman, Karl Skorecki 281. Dialysis in the Treatment of Renal Failure, Kathleen D. Liu, Glenn M. Chertow 282. Transplantation in the Treatment of Renal Failure, Anil Chandraker, Edgar L. Milford, Mohamed H. Sayegh 283. Glomerular Diseases, Julia B. Lewis, Eric G. Neilson 284. Polycystic Kidney Disease and Other Inherited Tubular Disorders, David J. Salant, Craig E. Gordon 285. Tubulointerstitial Diseases of the Kidney, Laurence H. Beck, Jr., David J. Salant 286. Vascular Injury to the Kidney, Stephen C. Textor, Nelson Leung 287. Nephrolithiasis, John R. Asplin, Fredric L. Coe, Murray J. Favus 288. Urinary Tract Infections, Pyelonephritis, and Prostatitis, Barbara W. Trautner, Kalpana Gupta e35. Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome, John W. Warren 289. Urinary Tract Obstruction, Julian L. Seifter PART 14: DISORDERS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM Section 1: Disorders of the Alimentary Tract 290. Approach to the Patient With Gastrointestinal Disease, William L. Hasler, Chung Owyang 291. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Louis Michel Wong Kee Song, Mark Topazian e36. Video Atlas of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Louis Michel Wong Kee Song, Mark Topazian 292. Diseases of the Esophagus, Peter J. Kahrilas, Ikuo Hirano 293. Peptic Ulcer Disease and Related Disorders, John Del Valle 294. Disorders of Absorption, Henry J. Binder e37. The Schilling Test, Henry J. Binder 295. Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Sonia Friedman, Richard S. Blumberg 296. Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Chung Owyang 297. Diverticular Disease and Common Anorectal Disorders, Susan L. Gearhart 298. Mesenteric Vascular Insufficiency, Susan L. Gearhart 299. Acute Intestinal Obstruction, William Silen 300. Acute Appendicitis and Peritonitis, William Silen Section 2: Liver and Biliary Tract Disease 301. Approach to the Patient With Liver Disease, Marc Ghany, Jay H. Hoofnagle 302. Evaluation of Liver Function, Daniel S. Pratt, Marshall M. Kaplan 303. The Hyperbilirubinemias, Allan W. Wolkoff 304. Acute Viral Hepatitis, Jules L. Dienstag 305. Toxic and Drug-Induced Hepatitis, Jules L. Dienstag 306. Chronic Hepatitis, Jules L. Dienstag 307. Alcoholic Liver Disease, Mark E. Mailliard, Michael F. Sorrell 308. Cirrhosis and Its Complications, Bruce R. Bacon e38. Atlas of Liver Biopsies, Jules L. Dienstag, Atul K. Bhan 309. Genetic, Metabolic, and Infiltrative Diseases Affecting the Liver, Bruce R. Bacon 310. Liver Transplantation, Jules L. Dienstag, Raymond T. Chung 311. Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts, Norton J. Greenberger, Gustav Paumgartner Section 3: Disorders of the Pancreas 312. Approach to the Patient with Pancreatic Disease, Norton J. Greenberger, Darwin L. Conwell, Peter A. Banks 313. Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis, Norton J. Greenberger, Darwin L. Conwell, Bechien U. Wu, and Peter A. Banks PART 15: DISORDERS OF THE JOINTS AND ADJACENT TISSUES Section 1: The Immune System in Health and Disease 314. Introduction to the Immune System, Barton F. Haynes, Kelly A. Soderberg, and Anthony S. Fauci 315. The Major Histocompatibility Complex, Gerald T. Nepom 316. Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases, Alain Fischer e39. Primary Immunodeficiencies Associated With (or Secondary to) Other Diseases, Alain Fischer Section 2: Disorders of Immune-Mediated Injury 317. Allergies, Anaphylaxis, and Systemic Mastocytosis, K. Frank Austen 318. Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Diseases, Betty Diamond, Peter E. Lipsky 319. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Bevra Hannahs Hahn 320. Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome, Haralampos M. Moutsopoulos, Panayiotis G. Vlachoyiannopoulos 321. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ankoor Shah, E. William St. Clair 322. Acute Rheumatic Fever, Jonathan R. Carapetis 323. Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) and Related Disorders, John Varga 324. Sjogren's Syndrome, Haralampos M. Moutsopoulos, Athanasio G. Tzioufas 325. The Spondyloarthritides, Joel D. Taurog 326. The Vasculitis Syndromes, Carol A. Langford, Anthony S. Fauci e40. Atlas of the Vasculitic Syndromes, Carol A. Langford, Anthony S. Fauci 327. Behcet's Syndrome, Haralampos M. Moutsopoulos 328. Relapsing Polychondritis, Carol A. Langford 329. Sarcoidosis, Robert P. Baughman, Elyse E. Lower 330. Familial Mediterranean Fever and Other Hereditary Recurrent Fevers, Daniel L. Kastner Section 3: Disorders of the Joints and Adjacent Tissues 331. Approach to Articular and Musculoskeletal Disorders, John J. Cash, Peter E. Lipsky 332. Osteoarthritis, David T. Felson 333. Gout and Other Crystal-Associated Arthropathies, H. Ralph Schumacher, Lan X. Chen 334. Infectious Arthritis, Lawrence C. Madoff 335. Fibromyalgia, Leslie J. Crofford 336. Arthritis Associated With Systemic Disease, and Other Arthritides, Carol A. Langford, Brian F. Mandell 337. Periarticular Disorders of the Extremities, Carol A. Langford, Bruce C. Gilliland PART 16: ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM Section 1: Endocrinology 338. Principles of Endocrinology, J. Larry Jameson 339. Disorders of the Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus, Shlomo Melmed, J. Larry Jameson 340. Disorders of the Neurohypophysis, Gary L. Robertson 341. Disorders of the Thyroid Gland, J. Larry Jameson, Anthony P. Weetman 342. Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex, Wiebke Arlt 343. Pheochromocytoma, Hartmut P.H. Neumann 344. Diabetes Mellitus, Alvin C. Powers 345. Hypoglycemia, Philip E. Cryer, Stephen N. Davis 346. Disorders of the Testes and Male Reproductive System, Shalender Bhasin, J. Larry Jameson 347. The Female Reproductive System, Infertility, and Contraception 348. The Menopause Transition and Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy, JoAnn E. Manson, Shari S. Bassuk 349. Disorders of Sex Development, John C. Achermann, J. Larry Jameson 350. Endocrine Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Pancreas, Robert T. Jensen 351. Disorders Affecting Multiple Endocrine Systems, Camilo Jimenez Vasquez, Robert F. Gagel Section 2: Disorders of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 352. Bone and Mineral Metabolism in Health and Disease, F. Richard Bringhurst, Marie B. Demay, Stephen M. Krane, Henry M. Kronenberg 353. Disorders of the Parathyroid Gland and Calcium Homeostasis, John T. Potts, Harald Juppner 354. Osteoporosis, Robert Lindsay, Felicia Cosman 355. Paget's Disease and Other Dysplasias of Bone, Murray J. Favus, Tamara J. Vokes Section 3: Disorders of Intermediary Metabolism 356. Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism, Daniel J. Rader, Helen H. Hobbs 357. Hemochromatosis, Lawrie W. Powell 358. The Porphyrias, Robert J. Desnick, Manisha Balwani 359. Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism, Christopher M. Burns, Robert L. Wortmann 360. Wilson's Disease, George J. Brewer 361. Lysosomal Storage Diseases, Robert J. Hopkin, Gregory A. Grabowski 362. Glycogen Storage Diseases and Other Inherited Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism, Priya S. Kishnani, Yuan-Tsong Chen 363. Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue, Darwin J. Prockop, John F. Bateman 364. Inherited Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism in Adults, Nicola Longo 365. Inherited Defects of Membrane Transport, Nicola Longo e41. Atlas of Clinical Manifestations of Metabolic Diseases, J. Larry Jameson PART 17: NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS Section 1: Diagnosis of Neurologic Disorders 366. Biology of Neurologic Diseases, Stephen L. Hauser, M. Flint Beal 367. Approach to the Patient with Neurologic Disease, Daniel H. Lowenstein, Joseph B. Martin, Stephen L. Hauser e42. The Neurological Screening Exam, Daniel H. Lowenstein e43. Video Atlas of the Detailed Neurologic Examination, Martin A. Samuels 368. Neuroimaging in Neurologic Disorders, William P. Dillon e44. Atlas of Neuroimaging, Andre Furtado, William P. Dillon e45. Electrodiagnostic Studies of Nervous System Disorders: EEG, Evoked Potentials, and EMG, Michael J. Aminoff e46. Technique of Lumbar Puncture, Elizabeth Robbins, Stephen L. Hauser Section 2: Diseases of the Central Nervous System 369. Seizures and Epilepsy, Daniel H. Lowenstein 370. Cerebrovascular Diseases, Wade S. Smith, Joey D. English, S. Claiborne Johnston 371. Dementia, William W. Seeley, Bruce L. Miller 372. Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders, C. Warren Olanow, Anthony H.V. Schapira 373. Ataxic Disorders, Roger N. Rosenberg 374. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Other Motor Neuron Diseases, Robert H. Brown, Jr. 375. Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System, Phillip A. Low, John W. Engstrom 376. Trigeminal Neuralgia, Bell's Palsy, and Other Cranial Nerve Disorders, M. Flint Beal, Stephen L. Hauser 377. Diseases of the Spinal Cord, Stephen L. Hauser, Allan H. Ropper 378. Concussion and Other Head Injuries, Allan H. Ropper 379. Primary and Metastatic Tumors of the Nervous System, Lisa M. DeAngelis, Patrick Y. Wen 380. Multiple Sclerosis and Other Demyelinating Diseases, Stephen L. Hauser, Douglas S. Goodin 381. Meningitis, Encephalitis, Brain Abscess, and Empyema, Karen L. Roos, Kenneth L. Tyler 382. Chronic and Recurrent Meningitis, Walter J. Koroshetz, Morton N. Swartz 383. Prion Diseases, Stanley B. Prusiner, Bruce L. Miller Section 3: Nerve and Muscle Disorders 384. Peripheral Neuropathy, Anthony A. Amato, Richard J. Barohn 385. Guillain-Barre Syndrome and Other Immune-Mediated Neuropathies, Stephen L. Hauser, Anthony A. Amato 386. Myasthenia Gravis and Other Diseases of the Neuromuscular Junction, Daniel B. Drachman 387. Muscular Dystrophies and Other Muscle Diseases, Anthony A. Amato, Robert H. Brown, Jr. 388. Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, and Inclusion Body Myositis, Marinos C. Dalakas e47. Special Issues in Inpatient Neurologic Consultation, S. Andrew Josephson, Martin A. Samuels Section 4: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 389. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Gijs Bleijenberg, Jos W.M. van der Meer Section 5: Psychiatric Disorders 390. Biology of Psychiatric Disorders, Robert O. Messing, John H. Rubinstein, Eric J. Nestler 391. Mental Disorders, Victor I. Reus Section 6: Alcoholism and Drug Dependency 392. Alcohol and Alcoholism, Marc A. Schuckit 393. Opioid Drug Abuse and Dependence, Thomas R. Kosten 394. Cocaine and Other Commonly Abused Drugs, Nancy K. Mello, Jack H. Mendelson 395. Nicotine Addiction, David M. Burns e48. Neuropsychiatric Illnesses in War Veterans, Charles W. Hoge PART 18: POISONING, DRUG OVERDOSE, AND ENVENOMATION e49. Heavy Metal Poisoning, Howard Hu e50. Poisoning and Drug Overdosage, Mark B. Mycyk 396. Disorders Caused by Venomous Snakebites and Marine Animal Exposures, Paul S. Auerbach, Robert L. Norris 397. Ectoparasite Infestations and Arthropod Bites and Stings, Richard J. Pollock PART 19: HIGH ALTITUDE AND DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS e51. Altitude Illness, Buddha Basnyat, Geoffrey Tabin e52. Hyperbaric and Diving Medicine, Michael H. Bennett, Simon J. Mitchell APPENDIX: LABORATORY VALUES OF CLINICAL IMPORTANCE, Alexander Kratz, Michael A. Pesce, Robert C. Basner, Andrew J. Einstein e53. The Clinical Laboratory in Modern Health Care, Anthony A. Killeen e54. Clinical Procedure Tutorial: Central Venous Catheter Placement, Maria A. Yialamas, William Corcoran, G yorgy Frendl e55. Clinical Procedure Tutorial: Thoracentesis, Charles A. Morris, Andrew Wolf e56. Clinical Procedure Tutorial: Abdominal Paracentesis, Maria A. Yialamas, Anna Rutherford, Lindsay King e57. Clinical Procedure Tutorial: Endotracheal Intubation, Charles A. Morris, Emily Nelson Maher INDEX