Oxford Textbook of Trauma and Orthopaedics

Christopher Bulstrode did his undergraduate training at both Oxford and Cambridge, and his post-graduate training in London. He has been Clinical Reader in Oxford since 1987 where he has been in charge of the Undergraduate Teaching of trauma and orthopaedics.

SECTION 1 ; 1.1 Foundations of clinical practice ; 1.2 Classification and outcome measures ; 1.3 The musculoskeletal system: structure and function ; 1.4 Injury and repair ; 1.5 Haemoglobinopathies ; 1.6 Prevention of thrombosis in orthopaedic surgery ; 1.7 Pain and its control ; 1.8 Biomechanics ; 1.9 Gait analysis ; 1.10 Imaging ; 1.11 Complex regional pain syndrome ; 1.12 Neuromuscular disorders ; 1.13 Neuromuscular and skeletal manifestations of neurofibromatosis ; SECTION 2 ; 2.1 Choice of surgery for tumour: Staging and surgical margins ; 2.2 Amputations, endoprosthetic joint replacement, massive bone replacement, other alternatives ; 2.3 Benign tumours of soft tissues ; 2.4 Malignant tumours of soft tissues ; 2.5 Benign bone tumours ; 2.6 Malignant bone tumours ; 2.7 Metastatic bone disease ; SECTION 3 ; 3.1 Cervical spine disorders ; 3.2 Degenerative disease of the thoracic spine ; 3.3 Clinical presentations of the lumbar spine ; 3.4 Non-operative management of non-specific low back pain types 1 and 2 ; 3.5 Cauda equina syndrome ; 3.6 Surgical management of chronic low back pain ; 3.7 Management of nerve root pain (syn: sciatica, radicular pain) ; 3.8 Management of neurogenic claudication and spinal stenosis ; 3.9 Clinical presentation of spinal deformities ; 3.10 Idiopathic scoliosis ; 3.11 Congenital scoliosis and kyphosis ; 3.12 Neuromuscular scoliosis ; 3.13 Syndromal scoliosis ; 3.14 Brace treatment in idiopathic scoliosis: the case for treatment ; 3.15 Iatrogenic spinal deformity ; 3.16 Kyphosis ; 3.17 Spondylolisthesis and spondylolysis ; 3.18 The infected spine ; 3.19 Cross-sectional imaging in spinal disorders ; SECTION 4 ; 4.1 The clinical evaluation of the shoulder ; 4.2 Pathology of cuff tears ; 4.3 Treatment of rotator cuff disease ; 4.4 Biceps ; 4.5 Frozen shoulder ; 4.6 Calcifying tendinitis ; 4.7 Instability ; 4.8 Surface replacement of the shoulder ; 4.9 Stemmed total shoulder replacement ; 4.10 Acromioclavicular joint ; 4.11 The clavicle and the sternoclavicular ; 4.12 Disorders of the scapula ; 4.13 Reverse geometry replacement ; SECTION 5 ; 5.1 Clinical evaluation of elective problems in the adult elbow ; 5.2 Lateral and medial epicondylitis ; 5.3 Chronic instability of the elbow ; 5.4 Rheumatoid arthritis of the elbow ; 5.5 Osteoarthritis of the elbow joint ; 5.6 Arthroscopy ; 5.7 Bursitis of the elbow ; SECTION 6 ; 6.1 Assessment and investigation of chronic wrist pain ; 6.2 Degenerative arthritis of the wrist ; 6.3 Kienbock's disease ; 6.4 The distal radioulnar joint ; 6.5 Rheumatoid arthritis of the hand and wrist ; 6.6 Osteoarthritis of the hand ; 6.7 Dupuytren's disease ; 6.8 Tendon disorders ; 6.9 Reconstruction after nerve injury ; 6.10 Peripheral nerve entrapment ; 6.11 Neurophysiological examination of the hand and wrist ; 6.12 Tumours and hand reconstruction ; 6.13 Ganglia of the wrist and hand ; 6.14 Hand infection ; SECTION 7 ; 7.1 Indications for hip replacement ; 7.2 Approaches to the hip ; 7.3 Preoperative planning for total hip replacement, consent, and complications ; 7.4 Total hip replacement: implant fixation ; 7.5 Implant choice for primary total hip arthroplasty ; 7.6 Bearing surfaces ; 7.7 The young arthritic hip ; 7.8 The complex primary total hip replacement ; 7.9 Surgical options excluding total hip replacement for hip pain ; 7.10 Total hip replacement: modes of failure ; 7.11 Revision total hip replacement and complications in total hip replacement ; 7.12 Management of total hip replacement periprosthetic fractures ; 7.13 Management of the infected total hip replacement ; 7.14 Hip resurfacing ; 7.15 Sports injuries in the pelvic region ; 7.16 Inflammatory and metabolic bone disorders of the pelvis ; 7.17 Hip pain in the radiologically normal hip ; 7.18 Hip arthroscopy: assessment, investigation, and interventions ; SECTION 8 ; 8.1 History and examination of the knee ; 8.2 Cartilage repair in the young knee ; 8.3 Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee ; 8.4 Osteotomies around the knee ; 8.5 Arthrodesis of the knee ; 8.6 Total knee replacement ; 8.7 Complications of total knee replacement ; 8.8 Revision total knee replacement ; 8.9 Miscellaneous conditions around the knee ; 8.10 The patellofemoral joint ; 8.11 Surgical techniques of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction ; 8.12 Combined ligament injuries around the knee ; 8.13 Unicompartmental knee replacement ; 8.14 Meniscal injury and management ; SECTION 9 ; 9.1 Ankle and hindfoot arthritis ; 9.2 Disorders of the forefoot ; 9.3 Diabetic foot ; 9.4 Orthoses of the foot and leg ; 9.5 Tendon and ligament disorders of the foot ; SECTION 10 ; 10.1 Metabolic disease of skeleton and inherited disorders ; 10.2 Rheumatoid arthritis ; 10.3 Crystal arthropathies ; 10.4 Spondyloarthropathies ; 10.5 Inflammatory connective tissue disease ; 10.6 Osteoporosis ; 10.7 Osteoarthritis ; SECTION 11 ; 11.1 Chronic long bone osteomyelitis ; 11.2 Miscellaneous orthopaedic infections ; 11.3 Amputations and prostheses ; 11.4 Acute osteomyelitis ; 11.5 Septic arthritis ; SECTION 12 ; 12.1 Fracture classification ; 12.2 Complications of fractures ; 12.3 Orthopaedic approach to the multiply injured patient ; 12.4 Head, thoracic, and abdominal injury in the orthopaedic patient ; 12.5 Massive transfusion ; 12.6 Blast and ballistic injury ; 12.7 Management of open fractures ; 12.8 Soft tissue coverage ; 12.9 Combined vascular and orthopaedic injuries ; 12.10 Limb salvage versus amputation ; 12.11 Functional bracing ; 12.12 Principles of plate and screw osteosynthesis ; 12.13 Intramedullary nailing ; 12.14 Principles of monolateral external fixation ; 12.15 Principles of circular external fixation in trauma ; 12.16 Absorbable implants for fracture fixation ; 12.17 Stress fractures ; 12.18 Pathological fractures ; 12.19 Management of segmental bone defects ; 12.20 Injuries to muscle-tendon units ; 12.21 Dislocations and joint injuries in the hand ; 12.22 Flexor tendon injuries ; 12.23 Extensor tendon injuries in the hand and wrist ; 12.24 Soft tissue hand injuries ; 12.25 Nerve injuries ; 12.26 Brachial plexus injuries ; 12.27 Replantation ; 12.28 Metacarpal and phalangeal fractures ; 12.29 Scaphoid fractures ; 12.30 Instabilities of the carpus ; 12.31 Injuries to the distal radioulnar joint ; 12.32 Distal radius fracture ; 12.33 Forearm fractures ; 12.34 Elbow fractures and dislocations ; 12.35 Humeral shaft fractures ; 12.36 Fractures and dislocations of the shoulder girdle ; 12.37 Imaging in spinal trauma ; 12.38 Emergency management of the traumatized cervical spine ; 12.39 Upper cervical injuries ; 12.40 Subaxial cervical spine injuries ; 12.41 Whiplash-associated disorders ; 12.42 Thoracic fractures ; 12.43 Thoracolumbar, lumbar, and sacral fractures ; 12.44 Post-traumatic spinal reconstruction ; 12.45 Rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries ; 12.46 Pelvic ring fractures: assessment, associated injuries, and acute management ; 12.47 Pelvic fracture: definitive management ; 12.48 Fractures of the acetabulum: radiographic assessment and classification ; 12.49 Management of acetabular fractures ; 12.50 Dislocations of the hip and femoral head fractures ; 12.51 Femoral neck fractures ; 12.52 Trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures ; 12.53 Femur shaft fractures ; 12.54 Supracondylar fractures of the femur ; 12.55 Patella fractures and dislocations ; 12.56 Tibial plateau fractures ; 12.57 Tibial shaft fractures ; 12.58 Tibial plafond fractures ; 12.59 Ankle fractures ; 12.60 Fractures of the talus and peritalar dislocations ; 12.61 Fractures of the calcaneum ; 12.62 Midfoot and forefoot fractures and dislocations ; SECTION 13 ; 13.1 Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children ; 13.2a Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: medical aspects ; 13.2b Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: surgical management ; 13.3 An overview of cerebral palsy ; 13.4 Lower limb management in cerebral palsy ; 13.5 Upper limb management in cerebral palsy ; 13.6 Management of the child with total body involvement ; 13.7 The orthopaedic management of myelomeningocoele ; 13.8 Neurological aspects of spinal disorders in children ; 13.9 Arthrogryposis ; 13.10 Common disorders of the lower limb ; 13.11 Congenital upper limb anomalies ; 13.12 Congenital brachial plexus palsy ; 13.13 Malformations of the hand and wrist ; 13.14 Management of the limb deficient child ; 13.15 The management of limb length inequality ; 13.16 Developmental deformities of the lower limbs ; 13.17 Developmental dysplasia of the hip ; 13.18 Legg-Calve-Perthes disease ; 13.19 Slipped capital femoral epiphysis ; 13.20 Common knee conditions ; 13.21 Congenital talipes equinovarus ; 13.22 The foot in childhood ; 13.23 Sports injuries and syndromes ; SECTION 14 ; 14.1 Musculoskeletal injuries in children ; 14.2 Physeal injuries ; 14.3 Fractures of the spine in children ; 14.4 Injuries around the shoulder in children ; 14.5 Fractures about the elbow in children ; 14.6 Fractures and dislocations about the paediatric forearm ; 14.7 Children's hand trauma ; 14.8 Injuries of the pelvis and hip in children ; 14.9 Injuries of the femur and patella in children ; 14.10 Tibial and ankle fractures in children ; 14.11 Foot injuries in children