Medical Microbiology and Infection

Tom Elliott is Consultant Medical Microbiologist at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK Anna Casey is Clinical Research Scientist in the Department of Clinical Microbiology at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK Peter Lambert is Professor of Microbiology in the School of Life and Health Sciences at Aston University, Birmingham, UK Jonathan Sandoe is Consultant Microbiologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer in the Department of Microbiology at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

Preface v

Contributors vii

Basic microbiology

1 Basic bacteriology 3
Peter Lambert

2 Classification of bacteria 12
Peter Lambert

3 Staphylococci 16
Tom Elliott and Peter Lambert

4 Streptococci and enterococcci 20
Anna Casey

5 Clostridia 26
Tony Worthington

6 Other Gram-positive bacteria 30
Anna Casey

7 Gram-negative cocci 36
Jonathan Sandoe

8 Enterobacteriaceae 40
Peter Lambert

9 Haemophilus and other fastidious Gram-negative bacteria 45
Jonathan Sandoe

10 Pseudomonas, Legionella and other environmental Gram-negative bacilli 51
Peter Lambert

11 Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Vibrio 54
Martin Skirrow, Cliodna McNulty and Tom Elliott

12 Treponema, Borrelia and Leptospira 58
Susan O’Connell

13 Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria 62
Peter Lambert

14 Chlamydiaceae, Rickettsia, Coxiella, Mycoplasmataceae and Anaplasmataceae 64
Jonathan Sandoe

15 Basic virology 69
Peter Mackie

16 Major virus groups 75
Peter Mackie

17 Basic mycology and classification of fungi 93
Elizabeth Johnson

18 Parasitology: protozoa 101
Peter Chiodini

19 Parasitology: helminths 112
Peter Chiodini

Antimicrobial agents

20 Antibacterial agents 127
Peter Lambert

21 Antifungalagents 144
ElizabethJohnson

22 Antiviral agents 147
Eleni Nastouli

Infection

23 Diagnostic laboratory methods 157
Tony Worthington

24 Epidemiology and prevention of infection 167
Barry Cookson

25 Upper respiratory tract infections 177
Jonathan Sandoe

26 Lower respiratory tract infections 183
Shruti Khurana

27 Tuberculosis and mycobacteria 189
Sumeet Singhania

28 Gastrointestinal infections 193
Tariq Iqbal

29 Liver and biliary tract infections 202
David Mutimer

30 Urinary tract infections 207
Chris Catchpole

31 Genital infections 210
Kaveh Manavi

32 Infections of the central nervous system 220
Erwin Brown

33 Bacteraemia and bloodstream infections 229
Tom Elliott

34 Device-related infections 233
Tom Elliott

35 Cardiovascular infections 238
Richard Watkin

36 Bone and joint infections 241
Jonathan Sandoe

37 Skin and soft-tissue infections 246
Supriya Narasimhan and Rabih Darouiche

38 Infections in the compromised host 257
Tom Elliott

39 Infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria 260
David Livermore

40 Perinatal and congenital infections 264
James Gray

41 Human immunodeficiency virus 271
Kaveh Manavi

42 Miscellaneous viral infections 277
John Cheesbrough

Self-assessment

Self-assessment questions 285

Answers to self-assessment questions 300

General subject index 309

Organism index 317