Photon-based Medical Imagery

Hervé Fanet, Research engineer at CEA Leti. He is in charge of scientific cooperation and training activities within the MINATEC (micro and nanotechnology) in Grenoble.

Foreword xi
Guy FRIJA

Chapter 1. Interactions between Radiation and Matter: Consequences for Detection and Medical Imaging 1
Jean-Pierre MOY

1.1. The limits of imaging using light 1

1.2. Imaging with other types of radiation 2

1.3. X-rays: their interaction with matter 3

1.4. Radiological imaging relies on the X-ray-matter interaction 19

1.5. Consequences of interaction modes on detection 22

1.6. Conclusion 33

1.7. Bibliography 33

Chapter 2. Detectors for Medical Imaging 35
Hervé FANET

2.1. Radiation-matter interaction and signal formation 36

2.2. Flux, energy, time and position measurements 64

2.3. Semi-conductor detectors 86

2.4. Scintillation and measurement channel 102

2.5. Pixel detectors 116

2.6. Bibliography 121

Chapter 3. Quantitative Digital Radiography Image Processing 123
Jean RINKEL and Jean-Marc DINTEN

3.1. Introduction to flat-panel sensors 123

3.2. Relation between physical quantities and radiographic acquisition 129

3.3. Access to linear attenuation coefficients from the attenuation image 133

3.4. Access to physical dimensions by combining several X-rays of a flat sensor 149

3.5. Conclusion 158

3.6. Bibliography 159

Chapter 4. X-Ray Tomography 161
Françoise PEYRIN and Philippe DOUEK

4.1. Introduction 161

4.2. Principle of the first acquisition systems 162

4.3. Physical aspects and the direct problem 165

4.4. Principle of tomographic image reconstruction 169

4.5. Evolution of X-ray scanners and reconstruction algorithms 181

4.6. Examples of clinical applications 189

4.7. From tomography to micro-tomography 198

4.8. Conclusion 200

4.9. Bibliography 201

Chapter 5. Positron-Emission Tomography: Principles and Applications 207
Régine TRÉBOSSEN

5.1. Introduction 208

5.2. PET: principle and performance 210

5.3. PET systems 218

5.4. PET for cancer staging 223

5.5. Conclusion 225

5.6. Bibliography 226

Chapter 6. Single Photon Imaging 229
Irène BUVAT

6.1. Introduction 229

6.2. Overview of single photon imaging 230

6.3. Conventional detection systems in single photon imaging: the scintillation gamma camera 233

6.4. Innovative systems: semiconductor detectors 240

6.5. Tomographic reconstruction and corrections 241

6.6. Hybrid detectors 258

6.7. Applications 259

6.8. Future developments 261

6.9. Conclusion 262

6.10. Bibliography 262

Chapter 7. Optical Imaging 267
Anabela DA SILVA

7.1. Introduction 267

7.2. Physics of luminous propagation in biological tissue 268

7.3. Different optical imaging techniques for different applications 289

7.4. Conclusion 312

7.5. Bibliography 313

List of Authors 325

Index 327