Diagnosis and Evaluation in Speech Pathology

Preface

 

Chapter 1: Introduction to Diagnosis and Evaluation: Philosopihcal Issues and General Guidelines

 

Diagnosis and Evaluation Defined

Broadening the Notion of Assessment

Illustrating the Importance of Measurement in Current Trends

The Importance of Functional Measurements: The World Health Organization, U.S. Department of Education, and ASHA

Diagnosis to Determine the Reality of the Problem

Diagnosis to Determine the Etiology of the Problem

Diagnosis to Provide Clinical Focus

Diagnosis: Science and Art

Diagnosis Versus Eligibility

The Diagnostician as a Factor

The Client-Clinician Relationship

The Client as a Factor: Children, Adolescents, and Adults

Putting the Diagnosis to Work

Precepts Regarding the Clinical Examination

 

Chapter 2: Interviewing

The Importance of Interviewing

The Nature of Interviewing

Common Interviewing Considerations

An Approach to Interviewing

Using Interviewing Skills Beyond the Diagnostic Evaluation

Improving Interviewing Skills

 

Chapter 3: Psychometric Considerations in Dianosis and Evaluation

Common Types of Tests

Validity: The Foundation of the Test or Measure

Reliability

Some Quantitative Background for Test Interpretation

Central Tendency, Variation, and the Normal Curve

Sensitivity and Specificity: Key Concepts in Evidence-Based Practice

Criteria for Evaluatin Standardized Tests

Common Errors in the Use of Norm-Referenced Tests

Conclusion

 

Chapter 4: Assessment of Children with Limited Language

The Process of Becoming a Communicator: Getting the "Big Picture"

Focusing on the Child's Language Level: Nonverbal, Single-Word, and Early Multiword Communicators

Considering Etiology

Why is Early Language Assessment so Difficult?

Models to Consider in Language Assessment

Theoretical Considerations in Language Assessment

Assessment that Focuses on Early Communication and Variables that Predict Language Growth

Specific Assessment Areas: Procedures, Considerations, and Directions for Further Study

Concluding Remarks

 

Chapter 5: Assessment of School-Age and Adolescent Language Disorders

Use of Standardized Tests with Syntx-Level Children

Nonstandardized Testing

Language Sampling: A General Look at the Process

Later Language Development: Emerging Data

Testing Language Comprehension

Assessment of Syntax Using Analysis Packages

Assessment of Conversational Pragmatics

Issues of Memory and Processing Load

Evaluating LIteracy and School Curriculum

Conclusion

 

Chapter 6: Assessment of Speech Sound Disorders

Multiple Components Contributing to Sound Production

Seven Important Knowledge Areas for Evaluation of Articulation and Phonological Disorders

Overview of the Articulation/Phonology Assessment Process

Screening for Speech Sound Disorders

Traditional Assessment Procedures

Test Procedures that Evaluate Phonetic Context Effects

Assessment of Speech Sounds in Early Intervention

The Phonetic and Phonemic Inventories

Distinctive Feature Analysis

Phonological Analysis

Assessment of Phonological Knowledge

Other Testing

Integrating Data from the Assessment

Severity and Intelligibility

Computer-Assisted Analysis of Phonology

Long-Term Impact of Phonological Disorders

 

Chapter 7: Disorders of Fluency

Differential Diagnosis

The Appraisal of Stuttering

Evaluation at the Onset of Stuttering

Evaluation of the School-Aged Student

Assessment of the Adult Who Stutters

 

Chapter 8: Assessment of Aphasia and Adult Language Disorders

The Nature of Aphasia

Case History

Diagnosis and Formal Testing

The Art of the Informal Assessment

Summing up the Findings

 

Chapter 9: Motor Speech Disorders, Dysphagia, and the Oral Exam

The Oral Peripheral Examination

Apraxia of Speech in Adults

Childhood Apraxia of Speech

The Adult Dysarthrias

Cerebral Palsies and Dysarthria in Children

Dysphagia

Summary

 

Chapter 10: Laryngeal and Alaryngeal Voice Disorders

The Nature of Vocal Disturbances

The Diagnostic Process

Perceptual, Acoustic, and Aerodynamic Assessment

Feature Assessment

visual Assessment

Informal Assessment Probes

Conclusion to Vocal (Laryngeal) Disorders

Assessment of the Laryngectomee

The counseling Process

Background and Current Status Information

Early Speech Attempts with a Tracheoesophageal Prosthesis

Ongoing Assessments: A Dynamic Process

Prognosis

 

Chapter 11: Assessment of Resonance Imbalance

Categories of Abnormal Resonance

Case History and General Voice Assessment

Assessment Techniques and Probes for Resonance Imbalance

Assessment Associated with Cleft Palate

Self-Esteem and Daily Impact

Prognosis Associated with Resonance Imbalance

Conclusion

 

Chapter 12: Multicultural Issues in Assessment

Population and Professional Trends

Cultural Differences in Perceptions of Disability and Communications

Interviewing and Counseling Issues

Cultural Differences in Incidence and Prevalence of Disorders

Language Assessment: The Most Problematic Area

Nonstandardized Approaches in Multicultural Assessment

Concluding Remarks

 

Chapter 13: The Diagnostic Report

Format

Confidentiality

Style

The Writing Process

Follow-Up

Summary

 

Appendix A

Early Child Language Assessment Interview Protocol

Appendix B

Coding Sheet for Early Multiword Analysis

Appendix C

Summary Sheet for Early Multiword Analysis

Appendix D

Data Consolidation in Limited Language Evaluations

 

References

Index