Hurst's the Heart, 13th Edition: Two Volume Set

Editors: Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD, MACC, FAHA Richard Gorlin, MD/Heart Research Foundation Professor of Cardiology Director, Mount Sinai Heart Director, The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health The Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY Richard A. Walsh, MD, FACC, FAHA John H. Hord Professor and Chairman Department of Medicine Case Western Reserve University Physician-in-Chief University Hospitals of of Cleveland Cleveland, OH Robert A. Harrington, MD, FACC, FAHA Richard Sean Stack, MD Distinguished Professor Professor of Medicine Director, Duke Clinical Research Institute Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC Associate Editors: Sharon A. Hunt, MD Professor of Medicine Division of Cardiology Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto, CA Spencer B. King III, MD, MACC President Saint Joseph's Heart and Vascular Institute Professor of Medicine Emeritus Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA Ira S. Nash, MD, FACC, FAHA, FACP Chief Medical Officer Senior Vice President for Medical Affairs Mount Sinai Medical Center Associate Professor of Medicine Associate Professor of Health Policy and Evidence Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY Eric N. Prystowsky, MD, FACC, FAHA, FHRS Consulting Professor of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Director, Clinical Electrophysiology Laboratory St. Vincent Hospital Indianapolis, IN Robert Roberts, MD, FRCP(C), MACC, FAHA President and CEO University of Ottawa Heart Institute Professor of Medicine and Director The Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA Eric Rose, MD Edmond A. Guggenheim Professor and Chair Department of Health Evidence and Policy Professor, Departments of Medicine (Cardiology), Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery Associate Director for Clinical Outcomes, Mount Sinai Heart Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, NY

Contributors

Acknowledgments

Preface

PART 1: CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE

1. A History of the Heart, Cardiac Diseases, and the Development of Cardiovascular Medicine as a Specialty, Robert A. Harrington, Mark E. Silverman, and Charles F. Wooley

2. The Burden of Increasing Worldwide Cardiovascular Disease, Justin P. Zachariah, Ramachandran S. Vasan, and Ralph B. D'Agostino

3. Assessing and Improving the Quality of Care in Cardiovascular Medicine, Lakshmi Venkitachalam, Amit P. Amin, and John A. Spertus

Part 2: FOUNDATIONS OF CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE

4. Functional Anatomy of the Heart, Joseph F. Malouf, William D. Edwards, A. Jamil Tajik, and James B. Seward

5. Normal Physiology of the Cardiovascular System, Brian D. Holt and Richard A. Walsh

6. Principles of Molecular Cardiology, Mukesh K. Jain, Aaron Proweller, and Richard A. Walsh

7. Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Normal, Hypertrophied, and Failing Heart, Saptarsi M. Haldar and Richard A. Walsh

8. Biology of the Vessel Wall, Kathy K. Griendling, David G. Harrison, and R. Wayne Alexander

9. Molecular Development of the Heart, Bradley B. Keller, James B. Hoyling, and Roger K. Markwald

10. Genetic Basis for Cardiovascular Disease, Robert Roberts and Elizabeth McNally

11. Tissue Regeneration of the Cardiovascular System and Stem Cells, Arjun Deb, Helmut Drexler, Mirotsou Maria, and Victor Dzau

PART 3: EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT

12. Diagnostic Decision Making Using Modern Technology, Steve L. Liao and Mario J. Garcia

13. Therapeutic Decision Making Based Upon Clinical Trials and Clinical Practice Guidelines, Ira S. Nash, Michael E. Farkouh, and Valentin Fuster

14. The History, Physical Examination, and Cardiac Auscultation, Richard A. Walsh, Robert A. O'Rourke, and James A. Shaver

15. Surface Electrocardiography, Antoni Bayés-de-Luna, Diego Goldwasser, Miquel Fiol, and Antoni Bayés-Genis

16. ECG Exercise Testing, Michael J. Lipinski and Victor F. Froelicher

17. Cardiac Radiography, Robert A. O'Rourke

18. Echocardiography, Anthony N. DeMaria and Daniel G. Blanchard

19. Cardiac Catherization, Cardiac Angiography, and Coronary Blood Flow and Pressure Measurements, Morton J. Kern and Spencer B. King III

20. Coronary Intravascular Imaging, Marco A. Costa, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia, and Patrick W. Serruys

21. Nuclear Cardiology, Daniel S. Berman, Sean W. Hayes, Rory Hachamovitch, Leslee J. Shaw, and Guido Germano

22. Computed Tomography of the Heart, Melissa A. Daubert, Michael Poon, and Matthew J. Budoff

23. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Heart, Han W. Kim, Afshin Farzaneh-Far, Igor Klem, Wolfgang Rehwald, and Raymond J. Kim

24. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography of the Vascular System, Fabien Hyafil, Jean-Christophe Cornily, James H.F. Rudd, Valentin Fuster, and Zahi A. Fayad

25. Positron Emission Tomography for the Noninvasive Study and Quantitation of Myocardial Blood Flow and Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease, Heinrich R. Schelbert

PART 4: HEART FAILURE

26. Pathophysiology of Heart Failure, Gary S. Francis, W.H. Wilson Tang, and Richard A. Walsh

27. The Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Heart Failure, Owais Dar and Martin R. Cowie

28. Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure, William T. Abraham and Ayesha Hasan

29. Cardiac Transplantation, Michael X. Pham, Gerald J. Berry, and Sharon A. Hunt

30. Surgical Treatment of Heart Failure and Mechanical Ventricular Support, David Joyce, Hari R. Mallidi, and Sharon A. Hunt

PART 5: CARDIOMYOPATHY AND SPECIFIC HEART MUSCLE DISEASES

31. Classification of Cardiomyopathies, Barry J. Maron and Gaetano Thiene

32. Dilated Cardiomyopathies, Luisa Mestroni, Edward M. Gilbert, Brian D. Lowes, and Michael R. Bristow

33. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Steve R. Ommen, Rick A. Nishimura, and A. Jamil Tajik

34. Restrictive, Obliterative, and Infiltrative Cardiomyopathies, Brian D. Hoit

35. Myocarditis and Specific Cardiomyopathies, Sean P. Pinney and Donna M. Mancini

PART 6: RHYTHM AND CONDUCTION DISORDERS

36. Genetics of Channelopathies and Clinical Implications, Silva G. Priori and Carlo Napolitano

37. Anatomy of Electrophysiology, Siew Yen Ho nad Anton E. Becker

38. Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances, Peng-Sheng Chen and Charles Antzelevitch

39. Approach to the Patient With Cardiac Arrhythmias, Eric N. Prystowsky and Richard I. Fogel

40. Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter, and Atrial Tachycardia, Eric N. Prystowsky, Benzy J. Padanilam, and Albert L. Waldo

41. Supraventricular Tachycardia: Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry and Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, Hugh Calkins

42. Ventricular Arrhythmias, Robert W. Rho and Richard L. Page

43. Bradyarrhythmias and Pacemakers, Pugazhendhi Vijayaraman and Kenneth A. Ellenbogen

44. Electrophysiology and Cather-Ablative Techniques, Usha B. Tedrow, Samuel J. Asirvatham, and William G. Stevenson

45. Antiarrhythmic Drugs, Peter R. Kowey and Gan-Xin Yan

46. Indications and Techniques of Electrical Defibrillation and Cardioversion, Richard E. Kerber

47. Arrhythmias in Children and in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease, Timothy Knilans, Michael P. Carboni, Richard Czosek, and Ronald J. Kanter

PART 7: SYNCOPE, SUDDEN DEATH, AND CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION

48. Diagnosis and Management of Syncope, Mark D. Carlson and Blair P. Grubb

49. Sudden Cardiac Death, Matthew R. Reynolds, Amit J. Thosani, Duane S. Pinto, and Mark E. Josephson

50. Cardiopulmonary and Cardiocerebral Resuscitation, Jooby John and Gordon A. Ewy

PART 8: CORONARY HEART DISEASE

51. Preventive Strategies for Coronary Heart Disease, Michael J. Blaha, Kerunne S. Ketlogetswe, Chiadi E. Mdumele, Ty J. Gluckman, and Roger S. Blumenthal

52. Atherothrombosis: Disease Burden, Activity, and Vulnerability, Erling Falk and Valentin Fuster

53. Coronary Thrombosis: Local and Systemic Factors, Juan Jose Badimon, Borja Ibanez, Valentin Fuster, and Lina Badimon

54. Coronary Blood Flow and Myocardial Ischemia, Christophe Depre, Stephen F. Vatner, and Garrett J. Gross

55. Nonatherosclerotic Coronary Heart Disease, Bruce F. Waller

56. Definitions of Acute Coronary Syndromes, Michael C. Kim, Annapoorna S. Kini, and Valentin Fuster

57. Pathology of Myocardial Ischemia, Infarction, Reperfusion, and Sudden Death, Saami K. Yazdani, Elena Ladich, and Renu Virmani

58. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, Scott Visovatti, Takanori Hayasaki, Cyril Ruwende, and David J. Pinsky

59. Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction, James A. de Lemos, Robert A. O'Rourke, and Robert Harrington

60. ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Emily E. Hass, Eric H. Yang, Bernard J. Gersh, and Robert A. O'Rourke

61. Pharmacologic Therapy for Acute Coronary Syndromes, Dominick J. Angiolillo, Gregory r. Giugliano, and Daniel I. Simon

62. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, John S. Douglas, Jr, and Spencer B. King, III

63. Mechanical Interventions in Acute Myocardial Infarction, William W. O'Neill and Pedro Martinez-Clark

64. The Evaluation and Management of Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease, Bradley A. Maron and Patrick T. O'Gara

65. Coronary Bypass Surgery, Joseph F. Sabik, III, Sameer Bansilal, and Bruce W. Lytle

66. Management of the Patient After Cardiac Surgery, Douglas C. Morris, Stephen D. Clements, Jr., and John Pepper

67. Rehabilitation of the Patient With Coronary Heart Disease, Ian M. Graham, Noeleen Fallon, Shirley Ingram, Tora Leong, John Gormley, Veronica O'Doherty, Vincent Maher, and Suzanne E. Benson

PART 9: SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

68. Epidemiology of Hypertension, Gbenga Ogedegbe and Thomas G. Pickering

69. Pathophysiology of Hypertension, John E. Hall, Joey P. Granger, Daniel W. Jones, and Michael E. Hall

70. Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertension, G. Brandon Atkins, Mahboob Rahman, and Jackson T. Wright, Jr.

PART 10: CARDIOPULMONARY DISEASE

71. Pulmonary Hypertension, Robyn J. Barst and Lewis J. Rubin

72. Pulmonary Embolism, Peter F. Fedullo

73. Chronic Cor Pulmonale, Marc A. Miller, Joseph M. Sweeny, E. Clinton Lawrence, and Kenneth L. Brigham

74. Epidemiology and Mechanisms Linking Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Cardiac Disease, Reena Mehra and Susan Redline

PART 11: VALVULAR HEART DISEASE

75. Acute Rheumatic Fever, Bongani M. Mayosi and Jonathan R. Carapetis

76. Aortic Valve Disease, Rosario V. Freeman and Catherine M. Otto

77. Mitral Valve Regurgitation, David H. Adams, Blase A. Carabello, and Javier G. Castillo

78. Mitral Stenosis, Blase A. Carabello

79. Tricuspid Valve, Pulmonary Valve, and Multivalvular Disease, Pravin M. Shah

80. Prosthetic Heart Valves, Joanna Chikwe, Farzan Filsoufi, and Alain Carpentier

81. Antithrombotic Therapy for Valvular Heart Disease, Usman Baber and Valentin Fuster

PART 12: HEART FAILURE

82. Cardiovascular Diseases Caused by Genetic Abnormalities, Ali J. Marian, Ramon Brugada, and
Robert Roberts

83. Congenital Heart Disease in Children and Adolescents, David W. Brown and David R. Fulton

84. Congenital Heart Disease in Adults, Jamil A. Aboulhosn and John S. Child

PART 13: PERICARDIAL DISEASES AND ENDOCARDITIS

85. Pericardial Disease, Brian D. Hoit

86. Infective Endocarditis, Saptarsi M. Haldar and Patrick T. O'Gara

PART 14: ANESTHESIA, SURGERY, AND THE HEART

87. Perioperative Evaluation and Management of Patients With Known or Suspected Cardiovascular Disease Who Undergo Noncardiac Surgery, Debabrata Mukherjee and Kim A. Eagle

88. Anesthesia and the Patient With Cardiovascular Disease, David L. Reich, Alexander Mittnacht, and Joel A. Kaplan

PART 15: MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

89. Rhematologic Diseases and the Cardiovascular System, Mala S. Kaul, Victor F. Tapson, and E. William St. Clair

90. The Diagnosis and Management of Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients with Cancer, Edward T.H. Yeh, Courtney L. Bickford, and Michael S. Ewer

91. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease, Michael E. Farkouh, Elliott J. Rayfield, and Valentin Fuster

92. Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity, and Diet, Scott M. Grundy and Sidney C. Smith, Jr.

93. HIV/AIDS and the Cardiovascular System, William Lewis and Peter F. Currie

94. Effect of Non Cardiac Drugs, Electricity, Poisons, and Radiation on the Heart, Andrew L. Smith and Wendy M. Book

95. Adverse Cardiovascular Drug Interactions and Complications, Ileana L. Piña and Gerard Oghlakian

96. Effects of Mood and Anxiety Disorders on the Cardiovascular System, Monica Kelly Cowles, Dominique L. Musselman, William M. McDonald, and Charles B. Nemeroff

97. Heart Disease and Pregnancy, John H. McAnulty, Craig S. Broberg, and James Metcalfe

98. Traumatic Heart Disease, Curtis Anderson and T. Bruce Ferguson, Jr.

99. The Heart and Kidney Disease, Tahsin Masud and William H. McClellan

100. Exercise in Health and Cardiovascular Disease, Gerald F. Fletcher, Thomas R. Flipse, and Robert E. Safford

101. The Athlete and the Cardiovascular System, N.A. Mark Estes III, Mark S. Link, and Barry J. Maron

102. Aging and Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly, Edward G. Lakatta, Samer S. Najjar, Steven P. Schulman, and Gary Gerstenblith

103. Women and Coronary Heart Disease, Pamela Charney

104. Race/Ethnicity and Cardiovascular Disease, S. Carolina Masri and Anne L. Taylor

105. Environment and Heart Disease, Philip J. Landrigan, Kimberly Morland, and Michele La Merrill

PART 16: DISEASES OF THE GREAT VESSELS AND PERIPHERAL VESSELS

106. Diseases of the Aorta, John A. Elefteriades, Jeffrey W. Olin, and Jonathan L. Halperin

107. Cerebrovascular Disease and Neurologic Manifestations of Heart Disease, Megan C. Leary and Louis R. Caplan

108. The Nonsurgical Approach to Carotid Disease, Amar Krishmaswamy, Jay Yadav, and Samir R. Kapadia

109. Diagnosis and Management of Diseases of the Peripheral Arteries and Veins, Paul W. Wennberg and Thom W. Rooke

110. Surgical Treatment of Carotid and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Jayer Chang and Thomas F. Dodson

111. Minimally Invasive Treatment of Peripheral Vascular Disease, M. Fuad Jan, Suhail Allaqaband, and Tanvir Bajwa

PART 17: SOCIAL ISSUES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

112. Economics and Cost Effectiveness in Cardiology, Daniel B. Mark

113. Insurance Issues in Patients with Heart Disease, Michael B. Clark and William T. Friedewald

114. Behavioral Cardiology Treatment Approaches to Heart Disease, Nina Rieckmann, Lynn Clemow, William Whang, and Karina W. Davidson

115. Complementary and Alternative Medical Therapy in Cardiovascular Care, Mitchell W. Krucoff, Rebecca Costello, Daniel Mark, and John H. K. Vogel

116. Societal and Social Issues of Heart Disease, Roberto De Vogli and Michael Marmot

Index