Adrenal Disorders

Part I. The Adrenal Gland: Physiology

Ontogeny of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
Michel Grino, Nadia Dakine, Odile Paulmyer-Lacroix, and Charles Oliver

Adrenal Organogenesis and Steroidogenesis: Role of Nuclear Nuclear Receptor Steroidogenic Factor-1, DAX-1, and Estrogen Receptor
Meera S. Ramayya

Reappraisal of Adrenal Zonation Theories Based on the Differential Regulation of Apoptosis, G. W. Wolkersdörfer and Stefan R. Bornstein

Pharmacology of Glucocorticoids: An Overview
Achille Gravanis and Andrew N. Margioris

Glucocorticoid Catabolism and the 11_-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase System
Jonathan R. Seckl

Androgens of Adrenal Origin
George Mastorakos and Anthony G. Doufas

Structure, Function, and Regulated Expression of the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (StAR) Protein: Molecular Insights into the Acute Seroidogenic Response of the Adrenals and Gonads to Trophic Stimulation
Caleb B. Kallen, Futoshi Arakane, Teruo Sugawara, Marianthi Kiriakidou, Staci E. Pollack, Hidemichi Watari, Lane K. Christenson, Michiko Watari, and Jerome F. Strauss III

Regulation of Adrenocortical Function by the Sympathoadrenal System: Physiology and Pathology
Monika Ehrhart-Bornstein and Stefan R. Bornstein

Interleukin (IL)-1 Family of Cytokines and Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) in the Adrenal Gland
Andrew N. Margioris, Erene Dermitzaki, Maria Venihaki, and Achille Gravanis

Part II. The Adrenal Gland: Pathophysiology

Overview of Hyper- and Hypocortisolism
W.W. de Herder and S.W.J. Lambert

ACTH Resistance, Constantine Tsigos. Syndromes of Ectopic ACTH Secretion: Recent Pathophysiological Aspects
Yves de Keyzer, Marie Laure Raffin-Sanson, Agnés Picon, and Xavier Bertagna

Clinical Presentations and Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome
Andrew N. Margioris and George P.Chrousos

The Desmopressin Test: A New Tool in the Functional Evaluation of the Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Patients with Cushing's Syndrome
S. Tsagarakis and N. Thalassinos

PseudoCushing Syndromes
Theodore Friedman

Adrenocortical Tumors and Oncogenes
Martin Reincke

Management of Adrenal Cancer
David E. Schteingart and Dominic Homan

Adrenal Incidentalomas
Bruno Allolio

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: 21-Hydroylase Deficiency
Maria I. New

Steroid 11_-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Perrin C. White

Micronodular Adrenal Disease and the Syndrome of Myxomas, Spotty Skin Pigmentation, and Endocrine Overactivity
Constantine A. Stratakis

Congenital Lipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia
Walter L. Miller

Congenital Adrenal Hypoplasia
Michael Peter and Wolfgang G. Sippell

The HPA Axis and HIV Infection
Daniel S. Donovan, Jr. and Robert G. Dluhy

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and Obesity
Per Björntorp and Roland Rosmond

Aldosterone Synthase Deficiency
Michael Peter and Wolfgang G. Sippel

Mineralocorticoid Excess Syndromes
Richard D. Gordon

Pheochromocytoma: Progress in Diagnosis, Therapy, and Genetics
Karel Pacak, George P. Chrousos, Christian A. Koch, Jacques W. M. Lenders, and Graeme Eisenhofer