Laboratory Activities for Therapeutic Modalities

Skin temperature decrease; pain perception during ice immersion; effects of insulating media on skin temperature decrease; skin temperature increase; effect of heat and cold on tissue elasticity; effect of heat and cold on pulse and blood pressure; the effects of cooling on speed, agility and proprioception; selective stimulation of nerves; current density; influence of varying electrical stimulation parameters; identification of motor points; manual determination of optimal stimulation sites; strength of electrically elicited muscle contractions; effect of cold application in reducing the perception of electrically induced pain; medical galvanism; Ohm's law; pulse characteristics; coupling ability of various ultrasonic media; ultrasound output worksheet; strenght of biofeedback-augmented contractions; educating muscle using biofeedback; supine versus sitting cervical traction; case studies; universal skill assessment - modality application.