The Prosencephalies

1. Development and Aetiology.- Development.- Normal Development.- Neurulation.- Prosencephalic Cleavage.- The Hemispheres.- Telencephalon Medium ('Impar').- Diencephalon.- Differentiation of Cortical Plate; Mass Development; Moulding of the Telencephalic Ventricles.- Commissuration.- Abnormal Development.- Influence of Corpus Callosum on Gross Morphology of the Brain.- Experimental Model.- Specific Problems Connected with Prosencephaly and Arhinencephaly.- Aetiology.- General Survey.- Hereditary or Familial Occurrence of Systemic Cerebral Malformations.- Systemic Cerebral Malformations and Chromosomal Anomalies.- Corpus Callosum Defects and D- and E-Trisomy.- Miscellaneous Chromosome Abnormalities and Systemic Brain Malformations.- Prosencephaly Associated with a Single Umbilical Artery.- Analysis of Author's Material.- Corpus Callosum Defects.- Clinical Material.- Autopsy Material.- Prosencephalies.- 2. Morphology.- Classification Systems.- Cyclopy-Arhinencephaly: First Systematic Review.- Cyclopy.- Ethmocephaly.- Cebocephaly.- Arhinencephaly with Median Cleft Lip and Palate.- Arhinencephaly with Lateral or Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate, Often Associated with Trigonocephaly.- Arhinencephaly with Trigonocephaly.- Discussion.- Arhinencephaly: Classification System of Dekaban.- Holoprosencephaly: Classification System of De Myer and Zeman.- Structural Organization of Holospheric Brains. Coauthor: A. Brun.- Historical Notes and Current Knowledge.- Morphology.- Cytoarchitecture.- Associated Malformations.- Abnormalities of the Central Nervous System.- Craniofacial and Extracranial Malformations.- The Pseudo-Callosum.- Gross Morphology of Typical Specimens.- The Ordinary Spectrum.- Case Reports.- Discussion.- Dorsal Sac Prosencephaly.- Intermediate Category.- Pseudohemispheric Category.- Partial Prosencephaly.- Case Reports.- Discussion.- 3. Neuroradiology.- General Notes and Conventional Radiology.- Pneumoencephalography.- Case Reports.- Positional Anomalies of Primitive Holospheres.- Angiography.- Anterior Cerebral Arteries (ACAs) and Basal Circle (of Willis).- Middle Cerebral Arteries (MCAs).- Posterior Cerebral Arteries (PCAs).- Basal Ganglia and Thalami.- Deep Venous System.- Superficial Veins and Venous Sinuses.- Case Reports.- 4. Review and a New Classification System.- Critical Review and Comments on the Current Classification System.- 'Alobar' Prosencephaly.- 'Semilobar' Holoprosencephaly.- 'Lobar' Holoprosencephaly.- A New Classification System.- 5. Differential Diagnosis.- Partial and Complete Callosal Defects with Interhemispheric.- Cysts.- Case Report.- Defects of the Septum Pellucidum.- General Remarks and Differential Diagnostic.- Considerations.- Computer Tomography.- Encephalography in Septum Pellucidum Defects in Infants and Children. (I. Pascual-Castroviejo).- Hydranencephaly.- References.