Heparin

Section 1 Structural Aspects.- Molecular Properties.- The Chemistry of Heparin.- Crystalline Structure of Heparin.- Three-Dimensional Model of Heparin.- Biosynthesis.- Heparin and Heparin-Like Substances of Cells.- Biosynthesis of Heparin.- Metabolism of Macromolecular Heparin in Murine Neoplastic Mast Cells.- Demonstration of Endogenous Heparin in Rat Blood.- Biological Properties.- Relation of Chemical Structure of Heparin to Its Anticoagulant Activity.- Synthesis and Properties of Heparin Derivatives.- Low-Molecular-Weight Derivative of Heparin That Is Orally Active in Mice.- Heparin Is an Anionic Hydrated Anticoagulant.- Analytical and Pharmacological Considerations.- What Is "Heparin"?.- Determination of Heparin in Small Tissue Samples.- Identification and Quantification of Tissue Heparin by Microelectrophoresis: A Critique.- Standards for Heparin.- Application of the Kinetics of Heparin to the Formulation of Dosage Schedules.- Section 2 Functional Aspects.- Effect on Blood Coagulation: Interaction with Antithrombin III.- Antithrombin III: A Backward Glance O'er Travel'd Roads.- The Coagulation-Fibrinolytic Mechanism and the Action of Heparin.- Heparin Interaction with Activated Factor X and Its Inhibitor.- Evidence of a Catalytic Role of Heparin in Anticoagulation Reactions.- Structural and Functional Relationships of Human Antithrombin III and Alphas-Antitrypsin.- Interaction with Platelets.- Heparin, Lysolecithin, and Platelet Function.- Effect of Lung and Gut Heparin on Experimental Arterial Thrombosis.- Effect on Lipoprotein Lipase.- Lipoprotein Lipase.- "Lipolipin": A Glycoprotein Inhibitor of Postheparin Plasma Lipoprotein Lipase.- Other Effects.- Heparin as an Inhibitor of Mammalian Protein Synthesis.- The Effect of Heparin on Oxygen Transport from Blood to Tissues.- Section 3 Clinical Aspects.- Antithrombotic Efficacy.- Clinical Implications of Heparin.- Low-Dose Heparin in the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism - Rationale and Results.- Long-Term Use of Minidose Heparin in Post-Myocardial Infarction.- Wall-Bonded Heparin - Historical Background and Current Clinical Applications.- Surface-Bonded Heparin.- Toxicity.- Heparin-Induced Osteopenia: An Appraisal.- Panel Discussion.- The Use of Heparin as an Antithrombotic Agent.- Participants.