High-yield Cell and Molecular Biology

Part 1 Packaging of chromosomal DNA: nucleic acids; the human genome; chromosomes; genes; chromatin. Part 2 Chromosome replication and DNA synthesis: replication fork; telomere; damage and repair of DNA; clinical importance of DNA repair mechanisms. Part 3 Genetic recombination: general recombination; site-specific recombination. Part 4 Transposable elements: mechanisms of transposition; transposable elements and genetic variability. Part 5 Gene amplification: clinical considerations. Part 6 Recombinant DNA technology: restriction enzymes; gel electrophoresis; enzymatic method of DNA sequencing; southern blotting and prenatal testing for sickle cell anaemia; isolating a human gene with DNA cloning; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); producing a protein from a cloned gene; site-directed mutagenesis and transgenic animals. Part 7 Control of gene expression: mechanism of gene regulation; structure of transcription factors and gene regulatory proteins; clinical consideration - growth hormone deficiency and Pit-1 transcription factor; the "lac" operon; summary. Part 8 Protein synthesis: transcription; converting an RNA transcription to mRNA; translation; clinical considerations. Part 9 The nucleolus; organization of the nucleolus; assembly of the ribosome; ultrastructure of the nucleolus. Part 10 Mutations of the DNA sequence: silent mutations; missense mutations; nonsense mutations; frameshift mutations; translocation mutations; RNA splicing mutations; transposable element mutations; trinucleotide repeat mutations. Part 11 Molecular genetics: polymorphisms; linkage (coinheritance); population genetics. Part 12 Inherited diseases: autosomal dominant inheritance; autosomal recessive inheritance; x-linked recessive inheritance; mitochondrial inheritance; multifactorial inheritance; table of inherited disorders. Part 13 Multifactorial inherited diseases: definition; example - type 1 diabetes. Part 14 Proto-oncogenes, oncogenes and anti-oncogenes: definitions; designations; classification of oncogenes; mechanism of action of the "ras" proto-oncogene; anti-oncogenes (tumor-suppressor genes); molecular pathology of colorectal cancer. Part 15 The cell cycle: phases of the cell cycle; control of the cell cycle; stages of the M phase. Part 16 Homeotic genes and anterior-posterior body pattern formation: human homeotic genes. Part 17 Mitochondrial genes: gene products that are encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mrDNA); other mitochondrial proteins; mitochondrial diseases. Part 18 Molecular immunology: the clonal selection theory; the B lymphocyte (B cell); the T lymphocyte (T cell); clinical considerations. Part 19 Receptors and signal transduction: ion channel-linked receptors; G-protein-linked receptors; enzyme-linked receptors; steroid hormone (intracellular) receptors; receptor types; nitric oxide (NO); receptor-mediated endocytosis.