Greenfield's Surgery

Contributors v
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix

PART ONE :
SCIENTIFIC PRICIPLES
1
Reading Effectively to Attain Proficiency in Surgery . . 3Richard H. Bell, Jr., Linnea S. Hauge, and Debra A. DaRosa
2
Substrate Metabolism in Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Steven E. Raper
3
Nutrition and Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21J. Stanley Smith, Jr. and David C. Frankenfield
4
Wound Healing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Robert D. Galiano and Thomas A. Mustoe
5
Hemostasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Peter K. Henke and Thomas W. Wakefield
6
Inflammation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Matthew R. Rosengart and Timothy R. Billiar
7
Surgical Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132E. Patchen Dellinger
8
Shock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147Joseph Cuschieri
9
Critical Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Avery B. Nathens and Ronald V. Maier
10
Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid–Base Balance . . . . . 189Richard B. Wait and Reginald Alouidor
11
Burns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214Nicole Gibran
12
Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Anesthesiology and PainSachin Kheterpal, Timothy W. Rutter, and Kevin K. Tremper
13
Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261Steven K. Libutti
14
Policy Approaches to Improving Surgical Quality . . 287John D. Birkmeyer and Justin B. Dimick
15
Measuring the Quality of Surgical Care . . . . . . . . . 291Justin B. Dimick and John D. Birkmeyer
16
Patient Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298Darrell A. Campbell, Jr.


PART TWO:
SURGICAL PRACTICE
SECTION A: TRAUMA
17
Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Trauma and Trauma Care: GeneralRonald V. Maier
18
Prehospital and Resuscitation Care . . . . . . . . . . . 327Eileen M. Bulger
19
Head Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337Randall M. Chesnut
20
Maxillofacial Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354Richard A. Hopper and Joseph S. Gruss
21
Neck Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359Saman Arbabi
22
Chest Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370Thomas K. Varghese Jr.
23
Abdominal Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385David H. Wisner, Joseph M. Galante, Matthew O. Dolich,
and David B. Hoyt
24
Genitourinary Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405Thomas G. Smith III and Hunter Wessells
25
Vascular Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414Benjamin W. Starnes
26
Orthopaedic Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Jens R. Chapman, Richard J. Bransford, and Carlo Bellabarba
27
Pediatric Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431Mary E. Fallat
28
End-of-Life Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Geriatric Trauma andWilliam P. Schecter
29
Trauma in Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450Amy D. Wyrzykowski and Grace S. Rozycki
30
Critical Care and Postinjury Management . . . . . . 456Grant E. O’Keefe
31
Environmental Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466Gregory J. Jurkovich
32
Terrorism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486Eric R. Frykberg


SECTION B: TRANSPLANTATION & IMMUNOLOGY
33
Transplantation Immunology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497Jeffrey L. Platt and Marilia Cascalho
34
Organ Preservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515Robert M. Merion
35
Renal Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531Chris Freise and Peter Stock
36
Hepatic Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542Theodore H. Welling and Shawn J. Pelletier
37
Cardiac Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565Richard N. Pierson III
38
Pulmonary Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576Raja S. Mahidhara, Jules Lin, and Andrew C. Chang
39
Pancreas and Islet Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . 590Randall S. Sung


SECTION C: HEAD AND NECK
40
Head and Neck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609Matthew C. Miller, Jeffrey S. Moyer, and Theodoros N. Teknos
SECTION D: ESOPHAGUS
41
and Physiology and Gastroesophageal
Reflux Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629
Esophageal AnatomyJeffrey H. Peters, Virginia R. Little, and Thomas J. Watson
42
and Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666
Esophagus: TumorsPhilip A. Rascoe, John C. Kucharczuk, and Larry R. Kaiser


SECTION E: STOMACH AND DUODENUM
43
Gastric Anatomy and Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685Michael W. Mulholland
44
Gastroduodenal Ulceration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699Michael W. Mulholland
45
Morbid Obesity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713Rebecca P. Petersen, Christopher J. Myers, and Eric J. DeMaria
46
Gastric Neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722Rebecca M. Minter


SECTION F: SMALL INTESTINE
47
of the Small Intestine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737
Anatomy and PhysiologyEric T. Kimchi, Niraj J. Gusani, and Jussuf T. Kaifi
48
Ileus and Bowel Obstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748David I. Soybel and Wendy B. Landman
49
Crohn Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772Fabrizio Michelassi and Sharon L. Stein
50
Small-intestinal Neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784Douglas J. Turner, Ajay Jain, and Barbara L. Bass


SECTION G: PANCREAS
51
Pancreas Anatomy and Physiology . . . . . . . . . . . . 799Taylor S. Riall
52
Acute Pancreatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818Jason S. Gold and Edward E. Whang
53
Chronic Pancreatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827Nicholas J. Zyromski and Thomas J. Howard
54
Neoplasms of the Exocrine Pancreas . . . . . . . . . . 837Attila Nakeeb and Keith D. Lillemoe
55
Neoplasms of the Endocrine Pancreas . . . . . . . . . 857Eugene P. Kennedy, Jonathan R. Brody, and Charles J. Yeo


SECTION H: HEPATOBILIARY AND PORTAL VENOUS SYSTEM
56
Hepatobiliary Anatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873Richard D. Schulick
57
Hepatic Infection and Acute Hepatic Failure . . . . 888Aruna Subramanian, Ahmet Gurakar, Andrew Klein, and
Andrew Cameron
58
Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . 904Michael R. Marvin and Jean C. Emond
59
Hepatic Neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 935Christopher J. Sonnenday, Theodore H. Welling, and Shawn J. Pelletier
60
Calculous Biliary Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 960Henry A. Pitt, Steven A. Ahrendt, and Attila Nakeeb
61
Cholangitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 981
Biliary Injuries and Strictures and SclerosingKeith D. Lillemoe
62
Biliary Neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998Sharon Weber, Brett Yamane, and Yuman Fong


SECTION I: COLON, RECTUM, AND ANUS
63
Colonic and Rectal Anatomy and Physiology . . . 1017Elizabeth C. Wick
64
Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders . . . . . . . . . . .1026Sandra A. Tan and George A. Sarosi Jr.
65
Acute Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage . . . . . . . . . . 1038Lawrence T. Kim and Richard H. Turnage
66
Ulcerative Colitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1056Emily Finlayson
67
Colonic Polyps and Polyposis Syndromes . . . . . . 1069C. Richard Boland and Robert S. Bresalier
68
Colorectal Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1090Arden Morris
69
Diverticular Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1120Lauren Kosinski, Kirk Ludwig, and Mary Otterson
70
Anorectal Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1130Bard C. Cosman, Arden M. Morris,
Santhat Nivatvongs, and Robert D. Madoff


SECTION J: HERNIA, ACUTE ABDOMEN, AND SPLEEN
71
Abdominal Wall Hernias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1159Robert J. Fitzgibbons Jr., Samuel Cemaj, and Thomas H. Quinn
72
Acute Abdomen and Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1199Jeffrey B. Matthews and Richard A. Hodin
73
The Spleen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1212Douglas L. Fraker


SECTION K: SURGICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
74
Breast Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1241Tari A. King and Monica Morrow
75
Thyroid Gland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1282Barbra S. Miller and Paul G. Gauger
76
Parathyroid Glands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1303Gerard M. Doherty
77
Adrenal Gland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1325John A. Olson, Jr., and Randall P. Scheri
78
Pituitary Gland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1345William F. Chandler, Ariel L. Barkan, and Ricardo V. Lloyd
SECTION L: LUNG NEOPLASMS
79
Lung Neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1359Andrew C. Chang and Jules Lin
80
Nonneoplastic Lung Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1390
Chest Wall, Pleura, Mediastinum, andRishindra M. Reddy


SECTION M: ARTERIAL SYSTEM
81
Congenital Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1425Jennifer C. Hirsch, Eric J. Devaney, Richard G. Ohye, and
Edward L. Bove
82
Valvular Heart Disease and Cardiac Tumors . . . 1449Tomislav Mihaljevic, Craig M. Jarrett, and A. Marc Gillinov
83
Ischemic Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1462Jonathan W. Haft
84
Cardiac Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1483
Mechanical Circulatory Support forSanjeev Aggarwal, Keith D. Aaronson, and Francis D. Pagani
85
Pericardium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1505Jules Lin
86
Vascular Diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1514Gregory L. Moneta
87
of Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1537
Endovascular TreatmentMatthew J. Eagleton and Sunita D. Srivastava
88
Vascular Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1556G. Patrick Clagett
89
Occlusive Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1569
Atherosclerosis and the Pathogenesis ofAnton N. Sidawy, Robyn R. Macsata,
Matthew A. Goettsch, Niten Singh, and Subodh Arora
90
Occlusive Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1584
CerebrovascularPeter H. Lin and Tam T. Huynh
91
Arterial Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1598
Upper ExtremityMark D. Morasch
92
Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1608
Renal Artery Occlusive and AneurysmalGilbert R. Upchurch, Jr., Peter K. Henke,
John Rectenwald, Jonathan L. Eliason, and James C. Stanley
93
Aneurysmal Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1629
Splanchnic Vascular Occlusive andJohn E. Rectenwald, Jonathan L. Eliason, Peter K. Henke,
Gilbert R. Upchurch, Jr., and James C. Stanley
94
Aortoiliac Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1653Daniel J. Reddy, Mitchell R. Weaver, and Alexander D. Shephard
95
Femoropopliteal and Tibial Occlusive Disease . . . 1668William P. Robinson, Matthew T. Menard, and Michael Belkin
96
Lower Extremity Amputation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1683Matthew J. Sideman, Kevin E. Taubman, and Bradley D. Beasley
97
Pathogenesis of Aneurysms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1696B. Timothy Baxter and G. Matthew Longo
98
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1706Gorav Ailawadi
99
Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms . . . . . . . . 1719Hazim J. Safi, Anthony L. Estrera, Charles C. Miller III,
Ali Azizzadeh, and Dianna Milewicz
100
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1733Thomas S. Huber and W. Anthony Lee
101
Lower Extremity Aneurysms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1768Amy B. Reed


SECTION N: VENOUS SYSTEM
102
Venous Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1777Thomas W. Wakefield and Michael C. Dalsing
SECTION O: PEDIATRICS
103
Surgical Physiology of Infants and Children . . . . 1803Federico G. Seifarth and David K. Magnuson
104
Fetal Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1832George B. Mychaliska and Darrell L. Cass
105
Pediatric Head and Neck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1842Keith T. Oldham and John J. Aiken
106
The Pediatric Chest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1853Tony Capizzani, Ronald B. Hirschl, and Robert E. Cilley
107
Pediatric Abdomen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1884Thomas T. Sato and Keith T. Oldham
108
The Pediatric Genitourinary System . . . . . . . . . . 1946Eugene Minevich and Curtis A. Sheldon
109
Childhood Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1956Barrie S. Rich and Michael P. La Quaglia


SECTION P: GENITOURINARY SYSTEM
110
The Pregnant Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1983Cosmas J. M. Vandeven, N. Scott Adzick, and
Alexander S. Krupnick


SECTION Q: SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE
111
Cutaneous Neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1999Michael S. Sabel, Timothy M. Johnson, and
Christopher K. Bichakjian
112
Sarcomas of Soft Tissue and Bone . . . . . . . . . . . 2018Sandra L. Wong
113
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . 2039David l. Brown, Steven R. Buchman, Paul S. Cederna,
Kevin C. Chung, Edwin G. Wilkins, and William M. Kuzon, Jr.