Non-invasive Ventilation and Weaning: Principles and Practice

Mark Elliott MD FRCP (UK) Consultant Respiratory Physician, Department of Respiratory Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK Stefano Nava MD Chief of the Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione S.Maugeri, Pavia, Italy Bernd Schönhofer MD Director, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Klinikum Region Hannover, Oststadt - Heidehaus, Hannover, Germany

PART I EQUIPMENT AND PRACTICE
Introduction

The equipment
Positive pressure ventilators
Negative pressure ventilation
CPAP
Emerging modes for NIV
Interfaces
Quality control, service and maintenance and infection control
Humidifiers and drug delivery during NIV
How to start a patient on NIV

The practice: acute NIV
How to set up an acute NIV service
Monitoring during acute NIV
Troubleshooting during acute NIV
Timing of acute NIV
Why NIV works in acute respiratory failure

The practice: Chronic NIV
The chronic ventilator service
Diagnostic tests in the assessment of patient for HMV
Patient and carer education
Discharging the patient on home ventilation
Telemedicine

PART II THE DISEASES
COPD
Pathophysiology of respiratory failure
Treatment of acute and chronic COPD
NIV in acute exacerbations of COPD
NIV in chronic COPD

Hypoxeamic respiratory failure
Pathophysiology of Hypoxeamic Respiratory Failure
Home oxygen therapy in COPD
Emergency oxygen therapy
Equipment for oxygen therapy
NIV for hypoxeamic respiratory failure

Cardiac failure
Pathophysiology and modern management of acute cardiac failure
Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
Assited ventilation in chronic congestive cardiac failure

Neuromuscular disease
Muscle disorders and ventilatory failure
Pathophysiology of respiratory failure in NMD
Slowly progressive NMD
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Central sleep apnoea

Chest wall deformity
Early onset scoliosis

Obesity
The Endocrinologist and respiratory failure
Pathophysiology of respiratory failure in obesity
Non invasive ventilation in acute and chronic respiratory failure due to obesity

Other conditions
Bronchiectasis and adult cystic fibrosis
Highly infectious conditions: lessons from SARS
Cancer patients
The Elderly
Post surgery
Trauma
Spinal injuries

Pediatric ventilatory failure
Equipment and Interfaces for children
Chronic NIV for children
Acute NIV children

Special situations
Bronchoscopy
Pregnancy
Tracheostomy
End of life care

Prolonged weaning
The epidemiology and cost of weaning failure
Pathophysiology of weaning failure
NIV for weaning and extubation failure
Weaning strategies and protocols
Specialized weaning Units

The physiotherapist and assisted ventilation
Respiratory physiotherapy
Rehabilitation

Health status, quality of life
Health status, quality of life

The patient experience of NIV
Psychological issues for the mechanically ventilated patient
A patient's journey