The Handbook of Stress

Cheryl D. Conrad is Professor in the Department of Psychology and Associate Dean for Research, Division of Natural Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe. She is the author of more than 40 publications that report on how stress influences brain plasticity and resilience.

List of Contributors x Foreword xiv
Robert Sapolsky

Preface xvi

Acknowledgments xix

List of Abbreviations xx

Part I Basics of the Stress Response 1

1 The Basics of the Stress Response: A Historical Context and Introduction 3
Kenneth J. Thiel and Michael N. Dretsch

2 Central Nervous System Regulation of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis Stress Response 29
James P. Herman

3 Corticosteroid Receptor Involvement in the Stress Response 47
E. Ronald de Kloet, Roel H. DeRijk, and Onno C. Meijer

4 Nongenomic Cellular Actions of Corticosteroids in the Brain 76
Marian Joëls, Femke Groeneweg, and Henk Karst

5 Stress Effects on the Brain: Intracellular Signaling Cascades, Epigenetic Mechanisms, and Implications for Behavior 95
Johannes M. H. M. Reul, Andrew Collins, and María Gutièrrez-Mecinas

6 Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid Receptor Regulation of Gene Expression 113
Alyson B. Scoltock and John A. Cidlowski

Part II Stress Influences on Brain Plasticity and Cognition 135

7 Stress and Adult Neurogenesis 137
Timothy J. Schoenfeld and Elizabeth Gould

8 Neurobiological Basis of the Complex Effects of Stress on Memory and Synaptic Plasticity 157
Phillip R. Zoladz, Collin R. Park, and David M. Diamond

9 Acute Glucocorticoids Interact with Arousal State in Regulating Long-term Memory Formation 179
Patrizia Campolongo and Benno Roozendaal

10 Chronic Stress Effects on Corticolimbic Morphology 201
Cara L. Wellman

11 Effects of Chronic Stress on Memory and Neuroplasticity: Animal Studies 230
Carmen Sandi

12 Stress and Glucocorticoid Effects on Learning and Memory: Human Studies 248
Marie-France Marin and Sonia J. Lupien

Part III Stress Effects Across the Life Span 267

13 Adolescence and Stress: From Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Function to Brain Development 269
Russell D. Romeo and Ilia N. Karatsoreos

14 Effect of Early Environment and Separation Animal Models on Neurobiological Development 285
Allison Jane Fulford

15 Clinical Implications of Childhood Stress 304
Linda J. Luecken, Danielle S. Roubinov, and Catherine Purdom

16 Chronic Stress and Hippocampus Vulnerability to Functional Changes and Health in the Adult 324
Cheryl D. Conrad

17 Stress and Aging: A Question of Resilience with Implications for Disease 349
Erik B. Bloss, John H. Morrison, and Bruce S. McEwen

Part IV Stress Involvement in Anxiety, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Depression 367

18 Social Stress Effects on Defensive Behavior and Anxiety 369
Brandon L. Pearson, D. Caroline Blanchard, and Robert J. Blanchard

19 Stress and Animal Models of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 388
Hagit Cohen, Gal Richter-Levin, and Joseph Zohar

20 What Can Fear Conditioning Tell Us About Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? 410
Jacek Dębiec and Joseph E. LeDoux

21 Stress and Glucocorticoid Effects on Memory: Implications for Anxiety Disorders 426
Dominique J.-F. de Quervain

22 Stress and Human Neuroimaging Studies 446
J. Douglas Bremner

23 Chronic Stress and Depression 463
Eberhard Fuchs and Gabriele Flügge

24 How Can Stress Alter Emotional Balance Through Its Interaction with the Serotonergic System? 480
Raymond Mongeau, Michel Hamon, and Laurence Lanfumey

25 Stress, Prefrontal Cortex Asymmetry, and Depression 505
Ron M. Sullivan and François Laplante

Part V Stress, Coping, Predisposition, and Sex Differences 525

26 Chronic Stress and Sex Differences on Cognition: Animal Studies 527
Victoria N. Luine

27 Effects of Stress on Learning and Memory: Evidence for Sex Differences in Humans 545
Oliver T. Wolf

28 Infl uence of Diet on Stress Response and Behavior 560
Efthymia Kitraki

29 Influence of Appraisal and Coping Following Extreme Stress 578
Miranda Olff

Name Index 597

Subject Index 664