Orthodontic Retainers and Removable Appliances

ABOUT THE AUTHORS Friedy Luther was formerly Academic Head of Orthodontics at the Leeds Dental Institute and is currently Consultant Orthodontist at the Charles Clifford Dental Hospital in Sheffield. She has always had a strong interest in both teaching and research, publishing widely in the scientific literature, and was formerly Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Orthodontics. She has always enjoyed teaching, has over 20 years of experience of teaching, training and examining undergraduate and postgraduate orthodontic students, and has regularly created or contributed to a variety of learning resources. Zararna Nelson-Moon is Consultant Orthodontist at York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and is currently involved in the training of orthodontic therapists and specialist trainees up to consultant level. She was previously Consultant Orthodontist and Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer at Leeds Dental Institute where she was the Undergraduate Course Leader for Orthodontics. Her interests include interceptive orthodontics and ensuring appropriate standards of dental education.

Preface vii

Acknowledgements ix

Abbreviations xi

1 Assumptions: What You Should Know and Understand Before You Use this Book 1

2 Upper Removable Appliances: Indications and Principles of Design 3

3 Cases Suitable for Treatment with Removable Appliances 20

4 Fitting and Activating Removable Appliances 40

5 Follow-up Appointments: What to Check and Why 60

6 Test Yourself 84

7 Retainers 118

8 Fitting and Checking Retainers 132

9 Problems with Retainers and Trouble-shooting 142

10 Removable Appliances for the Postgraduate in Specialist Orthodontic Training 154

11 Vacuum-Formed Active Appliances 172

Jay Kindelan

Index 181