Therapeutic Exercise for Musculoskeletal Injuries

Peggy A. Houglum, PhD, ATC, PT, is an associate professor at the Rangos School of Health Sciences at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh. She has nearly 40 years of experience providing patient and athlete care in a variety of settings, including university athletic training facilities, sports medicine clinics, rehabilitation hospitals, acute care hospitals, burn care, workers' compensation clinics, and extended care facilities. She has also served as an athletic trainer with the United States Olympic Sports Festivals, Olympic Games, and World University Games.Houglum's extensive background as a certified athletic trainer, physical therapist, clinical and classroom educator, and program director provides her with a unique perspective on the appropriate use of therapeutic exercise techniques in rehabilitation programs for treatment of athletic injury.In 1991, Houglum created the National Athletic Trainers' Association's (NATA) first formal continuing education program. Since that time, Houglum has served as chair of the NATA Continuing Education Committee and as a member of the organization's Education Council and the Council on Employment. In 2002, she was named to the NATA Hall of Fame, the association's highest award, and received NATA's Most Distinguished Athletic Trainer Award in 1996. Houglum is a member of the American Physical Therapy Association and its Sports Medicine Section. She is also a member of NATA and serves on the NATA's CEPAT committee and the BOC's Role Delineation #6 Committee. Houglum is an associate editor for Sports Rehabilitation and clinical applications editor of the Journal of Athletic Training. In her free time, Houglum enjoys spending time with family, reading, and painting. She resides in Gibsonia, Pennsylvania.

Part I. Basic Concepts Chapter 1. Concepts of RehabilitationThe Rehabilitation TeamInteracting With Team MembersQualities of ProfessionalismComponents of a Rehabilitation ProgramBasic Components of Therapeutic ExerciseReturn-to-Competition CriteriaPsychological ConsiderationsSummaryLearning Aids Chapter 2. Concepts of HealingPrimary and Secondary HealingHealing PhasesGrowth FactorsHealing of Specific TissuesTensile Strength During HealingFactors That Affect HealingThe Role of Therapeutic Exercise in HealingSummaryLearning Aids Chapter 3. Concepts in PhysicsForceNewton's Laws of MotionCenter of GravityStability and FixationBody LeversLevers and ForcePhysiological Muscle AdvantagesOther Concepts in PhysicsSummaryLearning Aids Chapter 4. Examination and AssessmentExamination: Making a ProfileAssessment: Planning for ActionKeeping Rehabilitation RecordsSummaryLearning Aids Part II: Therapeutic Exercise Parameters and Techniques Chapter 5. Range of Motion and FlexibilityDefining Flexibility and Range of MotionConnective-Tissue CompositionEffects of Immobilization on Connective TissueEffects of Remobilization on Connective TissueMechanical Properties and Tissue Behavior in Range of MotionNeuromuscular Influences on Range of MotionDetermining Normal Range of MotionMeasuring Range of MotionTerminology in GoniometryStretching TechniquesExercise ProgressionSpecial ConsiderationsSummaryLearning Aids Chapter 6. Manual Therapy TechniquesCritical AnalysisMassageMyofascial ReleaseMyofascial Trigger PointsMuscle EnergyOther Manual TherapiesJoint MobilizationNeural MobilizationSummaryLearning Aids Chapter 7. Muscle Strength and EnduranceMuscle Structure and FunctionNeuromuscular PhysiologyFast- and Slow-Twitch FibersMuscle Strength, Power, and EnduranceForce ProductionTypes of Muscle ActivityOpen and Closed Kinetic Chain ActivityEvaluating Muscle StrengthGradations of Muscle ActivityStrength EquipmentProprioceptive Neuromuscular FacilitationStrengthening PrinciplesExercise ProgressionSummaryLearning Aids Chapter 8. The ABCs of ProprioceptionNeurophysiology of ProprioceptionCentral Nervous System Proprioceptor SitesBalanceCoordinationAgilityTherapeutic Exercise for ProprioceptionSummaryLearning Aids Chapter 9. PlyometricsNeuromuscular PrinciplesPlyometric ProductionPlyometric Exercise PhasesPreplyometric ConsiderationsPlyometric Program DesignPlyometric Program ConsiderationsPrecautions and ContraindicationsEquipmentLower-Extremity PlyometricsUpper-Extremity and Trunk PlyometricsSummaryLearning Aids Chapter 10. Functional and Activity-Specific ExerciseDefinitions, Foundations, and GoalsContributions to Therapeutic ExerciseBasic Functional ActivitiesActivity-Specific ActivitiesFunctional to Activity-Specific Exercise ProgressionPrecautionsFinal EvaluationA Lower-Extremity Functional and Activity-Specific ProgressionAn Upper-Extremity Functional and Activity-Specific ProgressionReturning the Patient to Full ParticipationSummaryLearning Aids Part III: General Therapeutic Exercise Applications Chapter 11. Posture and Body MechanicsPostureMuscle ImbalancesBody MechanicsBody-Awareness ProgramsSummaryLearning Aids Chapter 12. Ambulation and Ambulation AidsNormal GaitGait AnalysisPathological GaitNormal Running GaitMechanics of Ambulation with Assistive DevicesSummaryLearning Aids Chapter 13. Aquatic Therapeutic ExercisePhysical Properties and Principles of WaterEquipmentIndications, Advantages, Precautions, and ContraindicationsAquatic Therapeutic Exercise Principles and GuidelinesDeep-Water ExerciseAquatic Therapeutic ExercisesSummaryLearning Aids Chapter 14. Swiss Balls and Foam RollersSwiss BallsSwiss-Ball ExercisesFoam RollersFoam-Roller ExercisesSummaryLearning Aids Chapter 15. Therapeutic Exercise for TendinopathyTerminologyTendon StructureEtiologyTendon ResponseGeneral TreatmentSpecific TreatmentExamples of Tendinopathy CasesSummaryLearning Aids Chapter 16. Therapeutic Exercise for Joint ReplacementHistoryIndications for Joint ReplacementSurgical ProceduresSpecial Rehabilitation ConsiderationsSummaryLearning Aids Chapter 17. Age Considerations in Therapeutic ExerciseIntroductionStages of Life, Activity Levels, and Health CarePediatric ConsiderationsGeriatricSummaryLearning Aids Part IV: Specific Applications Chapter 18. Spine and SacroiliacGeneral Rehabilitation ConsiderationsRehabilitation TechniquesSpecial Rehabilitation ApplicationsSummaryLearning Aids Chapter 19. Shoulder and ArmMechanics of Overhead Sport ActivitiesGeneral Rehabilitation ConsiderationsRehabilitation TechniquesFlexibility ExercisesStrengthening ExercisesStabilization ExercisesPlyometric ExercisesFunctional and Activity-Specific ExercisesSpecial Rehabilitation ApplicationsSummaryLearning Aids Chapter 20. Elbow and ForearmGeneral Rehabilitation ConsiderationsRehabilitation TechniquesJoint MobilizationFlexibility ExercisesStrengthening ExercisesFunctional and Activity-Specific ExercisesSpecial Rehabilitation ApplicationsSummaryLearning Aids Chapter 21. Wrist and HandGeneral Rehabilitation ConsiderationsSoft-Tissue MobilizationJoint MobilizationFlexibility ExercisesStrengthening ExercisesPlyometric ExercisesFunctional and Activity-Specific ExercisesSpecial Rehabilitation ApplicationsSummaryLearning AidsChapter 22. Foot, Ankle, and LegGeneral Rehabilitation ConsiderationsCommon Structural DeformitiesOrthotic Treatment for Foot DeformitiesDetermining Proper Footwear for PatientsSoft-Tissue MobilizationDeep-Tissue MassageJoint MobilizationFlexibility ExercisesStrengthening ExercisesProprioception ExercisesFunctional and Activity-Specific ExercisesSpecial Rehabilitation ApplicationsSummaryLearning Aids Chapter 23. Knee and ThighGeneral Rehabilitation ConsiderationsSoft-Tissue MobilizationJoint MobilizationFlexibility ExercisesStrengthening ExercisesProprioception ExercisesFunctional and Activity-Specific ExercisesSpecial Rehabilitation ApplicationsSummaryLearning Aids Chapter 24. HipGeneral Rehabilitation ConsiderationsSoft-Tissue MobilizationJoint MobilizationFlexibility ExercisesStrengthening ExercisesProprioception ExercisesFunctional and Activity-Specific ExercisesSpecial Rehabilitation ApplicationsSummaryLearning Aids