Clinical Disorders of Membrane Transport Processes

1: The Cellular Basis of Ischemic Acute Renal Failure.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Ischemic Injury.- 3. Summary.- References.- 2: Genetic Variants Affecting the Structure and Function of the Human Red Cell Membrane.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Intrinsic Membrane Abnormalities.- 3. Hemoglobinopathies.- 4. Endocrine Disorders.- 5. Manic-Depressive Disease.- 6. Essential Hypertension.- 7. Inherited Neuromuscular Disorders.- 8. Adenosine Deaminase Variants.- References.- 3: Inherited Membrane Disorders of Muscle: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy.- I. Introduction.- 2. Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy.- 3. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.- 4. Summary.- References.- 4: Disorders of Muscle: The Periodic Paralyses.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Clinical Features.- 3. Pathophysiology of the Periodic Paralysis.- 4. Therapy and Its Rationale.- 5. Summary.- References.- 5: Pathophysiology of Cardiac Arrhythmias.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Abnormalities of Impulse Propagation.- 3. Interactions between Abnormal Impulse Formation and Propagation.- 4. Electrophysiological Mechanisms Responsible for Clinically Occurring Arrhythmias.- 5. Summary.- References.- 6: Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Gastric vs. Duodenal Ulcer.- 3. Acid-Pepsin Secretion.- 4. Mucosal Resistance.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 7: Malabsorption Syndromes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Lipid Digestion and Absorption.- 3. Normal Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Acids.- 4. Carbohydrate and Protein Digestion and Absorption.- 5. Tests of Intestinal Digestive and Absorptive Function.- 6. Diseases Affecting Normal Digestion or Absorption.- 7. Summary.- References.- 8: Pathophysiology of Calcium Absorptive Disorders.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Regulation of Intestinal Calcium Absorption.- 3. Sites of CalciumAbsorption.- 4. Mechanism of Calcium Absorption.- 5. The Role of Vitamin D.- 6. Clinical Disorders Associated with Alterations in Calcium Absorption.- 7. Increased Absorption of Calcium.- 8. Malabsorption of Calcium.- 9. Drug-Induced Inhibition of Calcium Absorption.- 10. Nutritional Factors.- References.- 9: Cystic Fibrosis.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Clinical Features.- 3. Prognosis.- 4. Genetics.- 5. Pathogenesis.- 6. Animal Models.- 7. Commentary.- 8. Summary.- References.- 10: Disorders of Glomerular Filtration.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Some General Truths.- 3. Some General Observations on the Mechanism of Change in GFR in the Physiologic Setting.- 4. Potential Interactions among the Determinants of Glomerular Ultrafiltration.- 5. The Influence of Humoral and Hormonal Substances upon Glomerular Ultrafiltration.- 6. Angiotensin II.- 7. The Adrenergic Nervous System.- 8. ADH, cAMP.- 9. Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, Kinins.- 10. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), Ca2+.- 11. Papaverine, Acetylcholine, Histamine, Methylprednisolone.- 12. The Final Common Pathway Viewpoint.- 13. Glomerular Ultrafiltration in Altered Physiologic States.- 14. Influences of Tubuloglomerular Feedback System on the Process of Glomerular Filtration.- 15. Pathophysiologic Conditions.- 16. Glomerular Immune Injury.- 17. Glomerular Effects of Systemic Hypertension.- 18. Isolated Glomeruli in Vitro.- 19. Causes of Progressive Reduction in GFR.- 20. Summary.- References.- 11: The Hypertonic and Hypotonic Syndromes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Antidiuretic Hormone.- 3. Thirst.- 4. The Hypertonic Syndromes.- 5. The Hypotonic Syndromes.- 6. Summary.- References.- 12: Disorders of Proton Secretion by the Kidney.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Proton Transport across Urinary Epithelia.- 3. Functional Organization of H+ Secretion in the Kidney.- 4. The Renal Acidoses.- 5. Reduced Nephron Population.- 6. Renal Hypoperfusion.- 7. Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 8. Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 9. Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis.- 10. Impaired Excretion of Net Acid and Potassium (Normal pH Gradient Formation).- 11. Clinical Aspects of Renal Tubular Acidosis and Associated Disorders of Electrolyte Transport.- 12. Summary.- References.- 13: Cystinosis and the Fanconi Syndrome.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Historical Resume.- 3. Clinical and Pathological Features.- 4. Chemistry and Metabolism of Cystine.- 5. Other Causes of the Fanconi Syndrome.- 6. Treatment.- 7. Summary.- References.- 14: Renal Tubular Defects in Phosphate and Amino Acid Transport.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Defects in Phosphate Transport Processes.- 3. Aminoacidurias.- 4. Summary.- References.- 15: Pulmonary Edema.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Starling Force Analysis.- 3. Safety Factors Associated with Hydrostatic Edemas.- 4. Safety Factors Associated with Noncardiac Edema.- 5. Mechanism of Intraalveolar Edema Formation.- 6. Summary.- References.