Vitiligo

Defining the Disease.- Historical Aspects.- Epidemiology, Definitions and Classification.- Histopathology.- Generalized Vitiligo.- Segmental Vitiligo.- Vitiligo Universalis.- Mucosal Vitiligo.- Halo Nevi and Vitiligo.- Hair Involvement in Vitiligo.- Non-Skin Melanocytes in Vitiligo.- Autoimmune/Inflammatory and Other Diseases Associated with Vitiligo.- Vitiligo and Immunodeficiencies.- Inflammatory Vitiligo.- Rare Inherited Diseases and Vitiligo.- Vitiligo in Childhood.- Late-Onset Vitiligo.- Evaluation, Assessment and Scoring.- Quality of Life.- Natural History and Prognosis.- Defining the Disease: Editor's Synthesis.- Understanding the Disease.- Pathophysiology Overview.- Genetics.- Environmental Factors.- In Vivo Data.- Animal Models.- In Vitro Approaches.- Oxidative Stress.- Immune/Inflammatory Aspects.- Cytokines and Growth Factors.- Proopiomelanocortin and Related Hormones.- Other Hypotheses.- Particular Clinical Characteristics of Segmental Vitiligo.- The Concept of Mosaicism Applied to SV.- The Neurogenic Hypothesis in Segmental Vitiligo.- Segmental Vitiligo: A Model for Understanding the Recapitulation of Repigmentation.- Editor’s Synthesis.- Therapy.- Management Overview.- Topical Corticosteroids.- Calcineurin Inhibitors.- Vitamin D Analogues.- PUVA and Related Treatments.- UVB Total Body and Targeted Phototherapies.- Vitamins and Antioxidants: Topical and Systemic.- Corticosteroid Minipulses.- Other Immunosuppressive Regimen.- Empirical, Traditional, and Alternative Treatments.- Background and Techniques.- The Outcomes: Lessons About Surgical Therapy for Vitiligo in the Past Two Decades.- Combined Therapies for Vitiligo.- Camouflage.- Photoprotection Issues.- Depigmenting Agents.- Therapy Adapted for Age, Gender, and Specific Locations.- Psychological Interventions.- The Patient Perspective.- Evidence-Based Medicine Perspective.- Editor's Synthesis and Perspectives.