Cerebrovascular Ultrasound in Stroke Prevention and Treatment

Edited by Andrei V Alexandrov, MD, University of Alabama Hospital, Birmingham, AL, USA.

List of Contributors iv

Preface vi

Foreword viii

Preface to the First Edition ix

Foreword to the First Edition x

Acknowledgment (first Edition) xii

Practice of Ultrasound: An Introduction xiii

Part I How to Perform Ultrasound Tests 1

1 Principles of Extracranial Ultrasound Examination 3
Andrei V. Alexandrov, Alice Robinson-Vaughn, Clotilde Balucani & Marsha M. Neumyer

2 Intracranial Cerebrovascular Ultrasound Examination Techniques 13
Andrei V. Alexandrov, Marta Rubiera, Paola Palazzo & Marsha M. Neumyer

3 Anatomy of the Brain’s Arterial Supply 26
Joel Cure

Part II Hemodynamic Principles 45

4 Integrated Assessment of Systemic and Intracranial Hemodynamics 47
Anne W. Alexandrov

5 Practical Models of Cerebral Hemodynamics and Waveform Recognition 68
Andrei V. Alexandrov

Part III Criteria for Interpretation 85

6 Diagnostic Criteria for Cerebrovascular Ultrasound 87
Georgios Tsivgoulis, Marsha M. Neumyer & Andrei V. Alexandrov

Part IV Ultrasound in Stroke Prevention and Treatment 145

7 Ultrasound in Stroke Prevention: TCD and Sickle Cell Disease 147
Fenwick T. Nichols III, Robert J Adams & Anne M. Jones

8 Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Carotid Ultrasound 158
Tatjana Rundek & Joseph F. Polak

9 Applications of Functional Transcranial Doppler (fTCD) 177
Konstantinos Vadikolias & Georgios Tsivgoulis

10 Transcranial Doppler in the Detection and Quantitation of Patent Foramen Ovale and Other Right-to-Left Circulatory Shunts 187
Annabelle Lao, Cindy J. Fuller & Jill T. Jesurum

11 Ultrasound in Neurocritical Care 198
Andrew D. Barreto & James C. Grotta

12 Cerebral Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 207
Mark R. Harrigan, David W. Newell & Andrei V. Alexandrov

13 Intra-Operative TCD Monitoring 214
Zsolt Garami & Alan B. Lumsden

14 Intracranial Stenosis 228
Vijay K. Sharma & K.S. Lawrence Wong

15 Ultrasound in Acute Stroke: Diagnosis, Reversed Robin Hood Syndrome and Sonothrombolysis 240
Andrei V. Alexandrov, Robert Mikulik & Andrew Demchuk

16 Ultrasound and Gaseous Microspheres 252
Flemming Forsberg & Andrei V. Alexandrov

17 Neurosonology Pearls 262
Georgios Tsivgoulis, Clotilde Balucani & Vijay K Sharma

Index 275