Evidence-Based Cardiology

Salim Yusuf, Professor of Medicine, Heart and Stroke Foundation Chair in Cardiology, and Director of the Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. John Cairns Dean, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia. John Camm, Professor of Clinical Cardiology and Head of the Department of Cardiac & Vascular Sciences at St George's, University of London. Ernest Fallen, Professor Emeritus in Cardiology and Tutor in Cardiology Residency Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. Bernard Gersh, Professor of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

List of contributors, viii Preface to the third edition, xiv Classification of recommendations and levels of evidence, xvi List of abbreviations, xvii Part I: General concepts and critical appraisal Salim Yusuf, Editor 1 Evidence-based decision making: patient-physician interface, 3 Philip J Devereaux, Marc Pfeffer, Salim Yusuf 2 Obtaining incremental information from diagnostic tests, 14 Raymond J Gibbons 3 Clinical trials and meta-analysis, 26 Jonathan R Emberson, Colin Baigent 4 Understanding concepts related to health economics, 38 Mark A Hlatky 5 Major vascular complications in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: magnitude of the problem, risk prediction, surveillance, and prevention, 47 Philip J Devereaux, Matthew Chan, John Eikelboom 6 Implementing evidence-based medicine in cardiology, 63 Brahmajee K Nallamothu, Thomas T Tsai, Jack V Tu 7 The application of evidence-based medicine to employment fitness standards: the transportation industries with special reference to aviation, 79 Michael Joy Part II: Prevention of cardiovascular diseases Salim Yusuf and John A Cairns, Editors 8 Global perspective on cardiovascular disease, 95 K Srinath Reddy 9 Avoidance of worldwide vascular deaths and total deaths from smoking, 111 Prabhat Jha, Prem Mony, James Moore, Witold Zatonski 10 Tobacco and cardiovascular disease: achieving smoking cessation in cardiac patients, 125 Andrew Pipe 11 Lipids and cardiovascular disease, 138 Malcolm Law 12 Use of lipid-lowering agents in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, 147 R Alan Failor, Jeffrey L Probstfi eld 13 Blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, 165 Curt D Furberg, Bruce M Psaty, Elsayed Z Soliman 14 Dysglycemia and the risk of cardiovascular events, 179 Hertzel C Gerstein, Zubin Punthakee 15 Physical activity and exercise in cardiovascular disease prevention and rehabilitation, 190 Ray W Squires 16 Psychosocial factors, 201 Annika Rosengren 17 The social determinants of cardiovascular disease, 211 Martin McKee, Clara K Chow 18 Obesity, 221 Raj S Padwal, Arya M Sharma 19 Ethnicity and cardiovascular disease, 235 Clara K Chow, Sonia S Anand, Salim Yusuf 20 Fetal origins of coronary artery disease, 258 Katherine M Morrison, Stephanie Atkinson, Koon K Teo 21 Genetics of coronary heart disease, 268 Michael S Cunnington, Bernard D Keavney 22 Molecular genetics of cardiovascular disorders, 288 Ali J Marian, Robert Roberts 23 Diet and cardiovascular disease, 304 K Srinath Reddy 24 Integrating approaches to prevention of cardiovascular disease, 328 David A Wood, Kornelia Kotseva Part IIIa: Stable coronary artery disease John A Cairns and Bernard J Gersh, Editors 25 Medical management of stable coronary artery disease, 345 William E Boden 26 Percutaneous intervention, 357 David A Wood, Rohit Khurana, Christopher E Buller 27 Surgical coronary artery revascularization, 379 Morgan L Brown, Thoralf M Sundt III 28 Comparisons of percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting, 392 Arashk Motiei, Thoralf M Sundt III, Charanjit S Rihal Part IIIb: Acute coronary syndromes John A Cairns and Bernard J Gersh, Editors 29 Non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: unstable angina and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, 409 Pierre Theroux, John A Cairns 30 Early prehospital management of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, 444 Robert C Welsh, Paul W Armstrong 31 Reperfusion therapies for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, 456 Joseph B Muhlestein, Jeffrey L Anderson 32 Antithrombotic therapies for patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, 475 Andrew J Lucking, Keith A A Fox 33 Complications after myocardial infarction, 495 Peter L Thompson 34 An integrated approach to the management of patients after the early phase of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, 516 Pedro L Sanchez, Francisco Fernandez- Aviles Part IIIc: Arrhythmias A John Camm and John A Cairns, Editors 35 Atrial fibrillation: rhythm and rate control therapies, 531 Irina Savelieva, Albert L Waldo, A John Camm 36 Atrial fi brillation: upstream therapies, 568 Antonios Kourliouros, Irina Savelieva, Marjan Jahangiri, A John Camm 37 Atrial fibrillation: antithrombotic therapy, 581 John A Cairns, Stuart Connolly 38 Ablation therapy for atrial fi brillation, 596 Conor D Barrett, Chi Keong Ching, Luigi Di Biase, Claude S Elayi, David J Burkhardt, Rodney Horton, Andrea Natale 39 Supraventricular tachycardia, 606 Erica D Penny-Peterson, Gerald V Naccarelli 40 Prevention and treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death, 619 Carlos A Morillo, Adrian Baranchuk 41 Pacemaker therapy, including cardiac resynchronization therapy, 636 William D Toff, A John Camm 42 Syncope, 673 David G Benditt, Fei Lu, Scott Sakaguchi 43 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 692 Michael Colquhoun 44 Arrhythmias due to monogenic disorders, 706 Dawood Darbar, Prince Kannankeril, Dan M L Roden 45 Arrhythmiagenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, 721 Deirdre Ward, Perry M Elliott Part IIId: Specifi c cardiovascular disorders: left ventricular dysfunction Salim Yusuf, Editor 46 Epidemiology and prevention of heart failure and management of asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction, 735 J Paul Rocchiccioli, John J V McMurray 47 Management of overt heart failure, 756 Paul J Hauptman, Karl Swedberg 48 Acute myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy, 784 Leslie T Cooper Jr, Oyere K Onuma 49 Management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 796 Barry J Maron 50 Infective and infi ltrative cardiomyopathies, 808 Stavros Kounas, Perry M Elliott 51 Chagas' heart disease, 823 J Antonio Marin-Neto, Anis Rassi Jr, Benedito Carlos Maciel, Marcus Vinicius Simoes, Andre Schmidt Part IIIe: Specifi c cardiovascular disorders: pericardial disease Bernard J Gersh, Editor 52 Pericardial disease: an evidence-based approach to clinical management, 845 Faisal F Syed, Bongani M Mayosi Part IIIf: Specifi c cardiovascular disorders: valvular heart disease Bernard J Gersh, Editor 53 Rheumatic heart disease: prevention and acute treatment, 861 Bongani M Mayosi, Patrick J Commerford 54 Mitral valve disease: indications for surgery, 869 Blase A Carabello 55 Surgical indications in aortic valve disease, 878 Sunil Mankad, Heidi M Connolly, Shahbudin H Rahimtoola 56 Non-surgical aortic valve therapy: balloon valvuloplasty and transcatheter aortic valve replacement, 896 Robert H Boone, John G Webb 57 Balloon valvuloplasty: mitral valve, 913 Zoltan G Turi 58 Valve repair and choice of valve, 927 Shafie S Fazel, Tirone E David 59 Infective endocarditis, 941 Zainab Samad, Andrew Wang 60 Antithrombotic therapy after heart valve replacement, 957 Jack C J Sun, John W Eikelboom Part IIIg: Specifi c cardiovascular disorders: other conditions Bernard J Gersh and Salim Yusuf, Editors 61 Stroke, 971 Brian H Buck, Ashfaq Shuaib, Craig Anderson 62 Heart disease and pregnancy, 993 Rachel M Wald, Samuel C Siu 63 Adult congenital heart disease, 1006 Elisabeth Bedard, Michael A Gatzoulis 64 Venous thromboembolic disease, 1032 Lori-Ann Linkins, Clive Kearon 65 Peripheral arterial disease, 1050 Catherine McGorrian, Sonia S Anand 66 Cardiac risk in those undergoing non-cardiac surgery, 1068 Ameeth Vedre, Kim A Eagle 67 Clinical management of diseases of the aorta, 1079 Thoralf M Sundt III 68 Cardiac transplantation: indications and postoperative management, 1099 Barry Boilson, Sudhir Kushwaha 69 Renal dysfunction, 1110 Johannes F E Mann, Ernesto L Schiffrin 70 Pulmonary hypertension, 1118 Brendan P Madden Part IV: Clinical applications Ernest L Fallen, Editor 71 Clinical applications of external evidence, 1135 Ernest L Fallen, Salim Yusuf 72 Stable angina: choice of PCI versus CABG versus drugs, 1138 William S Weintraub 73 Non-ST segment acute coronary syndrome, 1142 David Fitchett 74 Acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, 1152 Ernest L Fallen 75 Secondary prevention strategies post myocardial infarction, 1157 Jacques Genest 76 Heart failure, 1164 Michael M Givertz, Garrick C Stewart 77 Atrial fibrillation, 1170 Michael Klein 78 The case for and against implantable cardioverter defibrillators in patients with coronary artery disease, 1174 Jeffrey S Healey 79 Bradyarrhythmias - choice of pacemakers, 1178 Pablo B Nery, Carlos A Morillo 80 Peripheral arterial disease with suspect coronary artery disease, 1183 Victor Aboyans, Michael H Criqui 81 Valvular heart disease: timing of surgery, 1187 Jon-David R Schwalm, Victor Chu Index, 1191 The colour plate section can be found facing p. 941